Toward a Genomic View of the Gene Expression Program Regulated by Osmostress in Yeast

Martínez-Montañés, Fernando; Pascual-Ahuir, Amparo; Proft, Markus

doi:10.1089/omi.2010.0046

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…It implies the alteration of core kinase activities, which modulate the expression of defense genes through a range of specific transcription factors. Extensive knowledge which precisely describes the molecular machinery and its global impact on gene expression in response to many types of stress has accumulated (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). However, the vast majority of these studies are performed with harsh environmental insults and therefore saturating stimulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Gal4 additionally recruits chromatin-modifying complexes and mediator (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) in order to efficiently induce GAL gene expression. GRE2 is a prototypical gene involved in the hyperosmotic and oxidative stress defense, which includes the stimulated gene expression encompassing hundreds of different cellular functions (5,28). Its promoter is bound by the specific transcription factor Sko1 in a complex with the general corepressor Cyc8-Tup1 under normal noninducing growth conditions (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Different Mechanisms Confer Gradual Control and Memory at Nutrient- and Stress-Regulated Genes in Yeast

Rienzo

Poveda-Huertes

Aydin

et al. 2015

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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c Cells respond to environmental stimuli by fine-tuned regulation of gene expression. Here we investigated the dose-dependent modulation of gene expression at high temporal resolution in response to nutrient and stress signals in yeast. The GAL1 activity in cell populations is modulated in a well-defined range of galactose concentrations, correlating with a dynamic change of histone remodeling and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) association. This behavior is the result of a heterogeneous induction delay caused by decreasing inducer concentrations across the population. Chromatin remodeling appears to be the basis for the dynamic GAL1 expression, because mutants with impaired histone dynamics show severely truncated dose-response profiles. In contrast, the GRE2 promoter operates like a rapid off/on switch in response to increasing osmotic stress, with almost constant expression rates and exclusively temporal regulation of histone remodeling and RNAPII occupancy. The Gal3 inducer and the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase seem to determine the different dose-response strategies at the two promoters. Accordingly, GAL1 becomes highly sensitive and dose independent if previously stimulated because of residual Gal3 levels, whereas GRE2 expression diminishes upon repeated stimulation due to acquired stress resistance. Our analysis reveals important differences in the way dynamic signals create dose-sensitive gene expression outputs.C ells continuously adapt their protein composition to changing environmental conditions. The regulation of gene expression is one of the fundamental mechanisms to adjust the global protein repertoire of the cell in order to maintain cell function and integrity in response to environmental challenges. Budding yeast is a powerful model to unravel the modes of transcriptional adaptation at the levels both of specific genes and of the whole organism (1, 2). Additionally, the basic structure of the signaling cascades responding to environmental perturbations is conserved from yeast to humans. It implies the alteration of core kinase activities, which modulate the expression of defense genes through a range of specific transcription factors. Extensive knowledge which precisely describes the molecular machinery and its global impact on gene expression in response to many types of stress has accumulated (3-7). However, the vast majority of these studies are performed with harsh environmental insults and therefore saturating stimulation. As a consequence, only very limited information or approaches are available to understand how cells adapt their gene expression programs to small or gradual changes in their environment.It is assumed that cells have acquired mechanisms that ensure a transcriptional response which is finely adjusted according to the strength of the stress or stimulation. However, the nature of the signaling molecules which confer gradual transcription outputs remains to be determined in most cases. Fine-tuning of gene expression responses can occur with different purposes, and th...

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Different Mechanisms Confer Gradual Control and Memory at Nutrient- and Stress-Regulated Genes in Yeast

Rienzo

Poveda-Huertes

Aydin

et al. 2015

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…Once activated by phosphorylation and transiently translocated to the nucleus, its terminal MAP kinase, Hog1, executes the transcriptional program specific for osmostress adaptation (12,13). Hog1 activates transcription via several specific transcription factors (TFs; Sko1, Hot1, Smp1, Msn2, and Rtg3) which are directly contacted and phosphorylated by the kinase (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

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Deciphering Dynamic Dose Responses of Natural Promoters and Single cis Elements upon Osmotic and Oxidative Stress in Yeast

Dolz‐Edo

Rienzo

Poveda-Huertes

et al. 2013

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Fine-tuned activation of gene expression in response to stress is the result of dynamic interactions of transcription factors with specific promoter binding sites. In the study described here we used a time-resolved luciferase reporter assay in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells to gain insights into how osmotic and oxidative stress signals modulate gene expression in a dosesensitive manner. Specifically, the dose-response behavior of four different natural promoters (GRE2, CTT1, SOD2, and CCP1) reveals differences in their sensitivity and dynamics in response to different salt and oxidative stimuli. Characteristic dose-response profiles were also obtained for artificial promoters driven by only one type of stress-regulated consensus element, such as the cyclic AMP-responsive element, stress response element, or AP-1 site. Oxidative and osmotic stress signals activate these elements separately and with different sensitivities through different signaling molecules. Combination of stress-activated cis elements does not, in general, enhance the absolute expression levels; however, specific combinations can increase the inducibility of the promoter in response to different stress doses. Finally, we show that the stress tolerance of the cell critically modulates the dynamics of its transcriptional response in the case of oxidative stress.

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“…Failure to respond properly to osmotic stress can cause cell death. In yeast, the adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions has been extensively studied, especially the molecular events leading to a massive reprogramming of gene expression upon osmostress (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is the central signal transduction pathway activated by osmotic stress.…”

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“…As suggested by the large number of differentially expressed genes upon osmoshock, many different DNA binding proteins are implicated in modulating gene expression upon osmostress (5). The Sko1 repressor/activator and the Hot1 and Smp1 transcriptional activators are directly regulated through phosphorylation by the Hog1 MAP kinase (12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

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Activator and Repressor Functions of the Mot3 Transcription Factor in the Osmostress Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2013

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Mot3 and Rox1 are transcriptional repressors of hypoxic genes. Both factors recently have been found to be involved in the adaptive response to hyperosmotic stress, with an important function in the adjustment of ergosterol biosynthesis. Here, we determine the gene expression profile of a mot3 rox1 double mutant under acute osmostress at the genomic scale in order to identify the target genes affected by both transcription factors upon stress. Unexpectedly, we find a specific subgroup of osmostress-inducible genes to be under positive control of Mot3. These Mot3-activated stress genes also depend on the general stress activators Msn2 and Msn4. We confirm that both Mot3 and Msn4 bind directly to some promoter regions of this gene group. Furthermore, osmostress-induced binding of the Msn2 and Msn4 factors to these target promoters is severely affected by the loss of Mot3 function. The genes repressed by Mot3 and Rox1 preferentially encode proteins of the cell wall and plasma membrane. Cell conjugation was the most significantly enriched biological process which was negatively regulated by both factors and by osmotic stress. The mating response was repressed by salt stress dependent on Mot3 and Rox1 function. Taking our findings together, the Mot3 transcriptional regulator has unanticipated diverse functions in the cellular adjustment to osmotic stress, including transcriptional activation and modulation of mating efficiency.

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Toward a Genomic View of the Gene Expression Program Regulated by Osmostress in Yeast

Cited by 50 publications

References 82 publications

Different Mechanisms Confer Gradual Control and Memory at Nutrient- and Stress-Regulated Genes in Yeast

Different Mechanisms Confer Gradual Control and Memory at Nutrient- and Stress-Regulated Genes in Yeast

Deciphering Dynamic Dose Responses of Natural Promoters and Single cis Elements upon Osmotic and Oxidative Stress in Yeast

Activator and Repressor Functions of the Mot3 Transcription Factor in the Osmostress Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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