We used census data on the civilian non-institutional adult population to
analyze trends in labor force participation by race/ethnicity and sex in U.S.
occupations from 1970 to 2010 in decennial periods. We examined these data for
the main effects and interactions of race/ethnicity and sex across the total
labor market and within 35 detailed occupations. Results from a log-linear
analysis revealed that, as a whole (across race/ethnicity), more women
participated in the labor force from 1970 to 2010. The proportions of working
racial/ethnic minorities to both the population and the people in the labor
force increased across all decades except for Black men. Although White
(Caucasian) men continuously comprised the largest racial/ethnic–sex
group working across five decades in absolute numbers, their percentage of the
total working population declined from 1970 (54%) to 2010 (37%).
In our analyses of 35 occupations, significant sex differences within
racial/ethnic groups emerged. Overall, with some exceptions, Asian men and women
and White women were more likely to be absorbed into occupations typically
associated with professional status whereas Black, Hispanic, and American Indian
men and women were more likely to be absorbed into occupations typically
associated with low skill, low wages, and low status. Implications for the role
of psychologists in future research, practice, and policy are discussed.