Toward a fast non-destructive identification of pottery: The sourcing of 14th–16th century Vietnamese and Chinese ceramic shards

On-site Raman analysis of 17th and 18th century Limoges enamels: Implications on the European cobalt sources and the technological relationship between Limoges and Chinese enamels

“…Thus, the hypothesis of the use of cobalt-containing raw materials imported from Europe under the guidance of the Jesuits present at the Manchu Court seems to be reasonable. Supporting this hypothesis, the Raman spectra previously recorded on Chinese Ming and contemporary Vietnamese blue-and-white porcelains [56][57][58] which were well characterized by XRF or EDS [56][57][58][59], do not display such signatures. The elemental compositions of these artefacts clearly show the use of manganese-rich cobalt, typical of Asian sources [55-58, 67, 68].…”

“…In fact, arsenic is a minor element commonly found in European cobalt ores: the Co/As ratio reaches 0.4 for the 16 th to 17 th century European glass and decreases to ~0.1 during the 18 th century [28,[51][52][53][54][55]. On the contrary, Asian cobalt ores are rich in manganese and iron [55][56][57][58] and require a firing under strong reducing atmosphere [59] to develop only the blue colour of Co 2+ ions [15]. Similar Raman signatures have been recorded on some Chinese cloisonné enamels (e.g., Fig.…”

Non-invasive Raman analyses of Chinese huafalang and related porcelain wares. Searching for evidence for innovative pigment technologies

“…The effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive technique, especially by the mean of mobile set-up, for the identification of pigments, opacifiers, and glaze composition is now well established [13,18,[20][21][22][23]25,26,31,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. We report here the analysis of 21 Chinese artefacts belonging to the Paris Musée national des arts asiatiques -Guimet (MNAAG) Collection, from the end of the 16 th to the 19 th century.…”

Natural Nanosized Raw Materials and Sol-Gel Technology: The Base of Pottery Since Millenniums

“…The reaction stops generally before the achievement of a homogeneous state. Ceramics are thus heterogeneous and their microstructures retain information about how they were prepared (Colomban 2012; Simsek et al 2014Simsek et al , 2015a. On the other hand, the achievement of the molten state for glass (glaze, enamel) homogenizes the matter and information should only be found in traces elements and in the nanostructure (Caggiani et al 2014;Simsek et al 2015b).…”

“…First gilding décor were obtained through the physical bonding of the gold leaf on the corrugated ceramic surface (Simsek et al 2015a(Simsek et al , 2015b or by sandwiching a gold foil between two glass layers . J.F.…”