Toward a better understanding of enteric gliogenesis

Charrier, Baptiste; Pilon, Nicolas

doi:10.1080/23262133.2017.1293958

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Cell fate decision toward a glial phenotype is driven by the notch and sonic hedgehog signaling pathways (Liu and Ngan, ; Taylor et al, ). Moreover, the orphan nuclear receptor gene NR2F1 was recently suggested to take part in EGC development (Charrier and Pilon, ). Similar to the CNS, NR2F1 could regulate the expression of brain‐specific fatty acid‐binding protein (B‐FABP, Charrier and Pilon, ; Montemayor et al, ) in EGCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond

Grundmann

Loris

Maas-Omlor

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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Since several years, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is getting more and more in the focus of gastrointestinal research. While the main interest was credited for years to the enteric neurons and their functional properties, less attention has been paid on the enteric glial cells (EGCs). Although the similarity of EGCs to central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes has been demonstrated a long time ago, EGCs were investigated in more detail only recently. Similar to the CNS, there is not "the" EGC, but also a broad range of diversity. Based on morphology and protein expression, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, or Proteolipid-protein-1 (PLP1), several distinct glial types can be differentiated. Their heterogeneity in morphology, localization, and transcription as well as interaction with surrounding cells indicate versatile functional properties of these cells for gut function in health and disease. Although NG2 is found in a subset of CNS glial cells, it did not colocalize with the glial marker S100 or GFAP in the ENS. Instead, it in part colocalize with PDGFRα, as it does in the CNS, which do stain fibroblast-like cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, there seem to be species dependent differences. While GFAP is always found in the rodent ENS, this is completely different for the human gut.Only the compromised human ENS shows a significant amount of GFAPpositive glial cells. So, in general we can conclude that the EGC population is species specific and as complex as CNS glia. Anat Rec, 302:1333Rec, 302: -1344Rec, 302: , 2019.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond

Grundmann

Loris

Maas-Omlor

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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“…Notch signalling has also been implicated in the development of the mammalian ENS by inhibiting the intrinsic neurogenic programme of ENS progenitors (Okamura and Saga, 2008). The demonstration that the Notch activity reporter Tg(her4.3:EGFP) is activated in ENS progenitors shortly after they invade the gut and initiate neurogenic differentiation suggests a similar role of Notch signalling in the development of the zebrafish ENS, namely attenuation of the strong neurogenic bias of early ENS progenitors acquired as they approach and enter the foregut and indicated by induction of strong neurogenic transcription factors, such as Phox2B and Ascl1 (Charrier and Pilon, 2017). Although the relevant Notch signalling components remain to be identified, our findings argue that activation and differentiation of EGCs in adults is also under the control of Notch signalling pointing to further fundamental similarities in the mechanisms controlling the homeostasis of CNS and ENS in vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Enteric glia as a source of neural progenitors in adult zebrafish”

McCallum

Obata

Fourli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1The presence and identity of neural progenitors in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of 2 vertebrates is a matter of intense debate. Here we demonstrate that the non-neuronal ENS cell 3 compartment of teleosts shares molecular and morphological characteristics with mammalian 4 enteric glia but cannot be identified by the expression of canonical glia markers. However, 5unlike their mammalian counterparts, which are generally quiescent and do not undergo 6 neuronal differentiation during homeostasis, we show that a relatively high proportion of 7 zebrafish enteric glia proliferate under physiological conditions giving rise to progeny that 8 differentiate into enteric neurons. We also provide evidence that, similar to brain neural stem 9 cells, the activation and neuronal differentiation of enteric glia are regulated by

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“…The neural system directly controls the production of many hormones, which are involved in regulating metabolism and behavior [35]. The importance of glial cells in gastrointestinal functions is notably highlighted by a multitude of digestive and even extradigestive disorders (such as obesity) that are associated with altered enteric glia [36]. In another development, an animal study showed that a partial loss of neural stem cells in the hypothalamus of the forebrain caused weight gain and glucose intolerance [37] which are in line with the significant functional cluster of forebrain regionalization in Table 3.…”

Section: Genomic-region Based Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylome profiling in identical twin pairs discordant for body mass index

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Int J Obes

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Body mass index (BMI) serves as an important measurement of obesity and adiposity which are highly correlated with cardiometabolic diseases. Although high heritability has been estimated, the identified genetic variants by genetic association studies only explain a small proportion of BMI variation. As an active effort for further exploring the molecular basis of BMI variation, large scale epigenome-wide association studies have been conducted but with limited number of loci reported, perhaps due to poorly controlled confounding factors including genetic factors. Being genetically identical, monozygotic twins discordant for BMI are ideal subjects for analysing the epigenetic association between DNA methylation and BMI, providing perfect control on their genetic makeups largely responsible for BMI variation. We performed an epigenome-wide association study on BMI using 30 identical twin pairs (15 male and 15 female pairs) with age ranging from 39 to 72 years and degree of BMI discordance ranging from 3-7.5 kg/m 2. Methylation data from whole blood samples were collected using the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing technique. After adjusting for blood cell composition and clinical variables, we identified 136 CpGs with p-value < 1e-4, 30 CpGs with p<1e-05 but no CpGs reached genome-wide significance. Genomic region based analysis found 11 differentially methylated regions harbouring coding and non-coding genes some of which were validated by gene expression analysis on independent samples. Our DNA methylation sequencing analysis on identical twins provides new references for the epigenetic regulation on BMI and obesity.

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Toward a better understanding of enteric gliogenesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond

Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond

“Enteric glia as a source of neural progenitors in adult zebrafish”

DNA methylome profiling in identical twin pairs discordant for body mass index

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