Toward a better understanding of core and peripheral market demand for women’s spectator sports: An importance-performance map analysis approach based on gender

Exploring the Dark Side of Esports Online Spectatorship: Passion as a Mediator and Collective Narcissism as a Moderator

“…In professional team esports, team ID is primarily created and formed through the use of online platforms, such as social media, online forums, and chat, where they can connect with those like-minded and engage in discussions about their favorite teams (Qian et al, 2022b; Watanabe et al, 2021). The creation of team ID in esports is unique when compared to traditional sports, where the physical presence of a team and its supporters is more tangible (e.g., geographic location, physical presence) (Delia & James, 2018).…”

“…Promotional materials and social media marketing campaigns targeting fans could use emotive language and imagery to emphasize the positive emotions evoked in their previous experiences with the team. Both virtual rewards (e.g., avatar skins, in-game currencies) and physical items (e.g., league, team, or esports game related giveaways) could be given out using social live streaming gamification features to visibly award role model fans who promote positive engagement and interactions (Qian et al, 2022b). These might gradually become the norm, replacing abusive behaviors and creating a healthy and more inclusive climate for everyone.…”

“…Our decision to measure OT formatively is supported by Jarvis et al (2003), since (a) items are not interchangeable; (b) dropping an item may alter the conceptual domain; and (c) items do not covary. We also measured two control variables, including social live streaming platform tenure (how long have you been using the social live streaming platform) and league tenure (how long have you been watching) (Qian et al, 2022b).…”

“…The 2021 LoL World Championship finals drew a 30-million average minute audience and observed over 73-million peak concurrent viewers (Fudge, 2021). At the same time, however, online communications in social live streaming facilitated esports events have become increasingly scrutinized due to the rising concerns associated with OT (Qian et al, 2022b). The inclusion of chat as a tool for fans to engage and communicate in real-time has been identified as a powerful and authentic means of interaction (Qian, 2022; Wang & Fan, 2022).…”

Analysis and Optimization of Residential Elements from the Perspective of Multi-Child Families in the Yangtze River Delta Region

“…It is necessary to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of the research object, assess the significance and satisfaction performance of various indicators or dimensions of indicators, and then provide more scientific optimization methods. IPA analysis is crucial for the development of people-oriented settings since it disrupts the unidirectional design mechanism and fosters close communication between designers and users [34]. An IPA analysis often uses a four-quadrant analysis graphic to show the relative value and satisfaction of different metrics.…”