Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome

Aldrich, Michael S.; Allen, Richard P.; Ancoli‐Israel, Sonia; Buchholz, David W.; Chokroverty, Sudhansu; Coccagna, G; Earley, Christopher J.; Ehrenberg, Bruce L.; Feest, Terry; Hening, Wayne A.; Kavey, Neil B.; Lavigne, Gilles; Lipinski, Joseph F.; Lugaresi, E; Montagna, Pasquale; Montplaisir, Jacques; Mosko, Sarah S.; Oertel, Wolfgang H.; Picchietti, Daniel L.; Pollmächer, Thomas; Shafor, Renata; Smith, Robert C.; Telstad, Wenche; Trenkwalder, Claudia; Schéele, C. von; Walters, Arthur S.; Ware, J. Catesby; Zucconi, Marco

doi:10.1002/mds.870100517

Cited by 990 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The present case, however, does not fulfill the minimal criteria for this syndrome, according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group [7], in which the patient shows no apparent urge to move the legs, no motor restlessness, no significant change with rest or action, and no apparent worsening with sleep. The few cases involv- …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Involuntary rhythmic leg movements time-locked with the respiratory cycle

Leal

Calado

2001

Pediatric Neurology

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Involuntary rhythmic leg movements in childhood is an uncommon condition, the generators of which remain unknown. We report on a male 3 years of age with distinct features providing important clues concerning the location of one of these generators. At the age of 7 months, the previously healthy young male started with low frequency, rhythmic, and continuous (both during wakefulness and sleep) flexion/extension movements of the lower limbs. Movements interfered significantly with gait acquisition, and, despite normal cognitive development, he was able to walk only at age 2 years, 4 months. The neurologic examination revealed the absence of automatic stepping in the neonatal period, but was otherwise normal. A polygraphic electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) recording, at the age of 2 years, 9 months, revealed rhythmic and synchronous legs with EMG activity at 0.5 Hz. A more complete polygraphic recording at the age of 3 years, 10 months, showed a lower frequency (0.35 Hz) for the movements, which were time-locked with the respiratory cycle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed an increased T 2 signal in the upper medulla-lower pons regions. The generator of the rhythmic legs movements is postulated to be the respiratory center, connecting with the reticulospinal projecting neurons through an aberrant pathway.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Involuntary rhythmic leg movements time-locked with the respiratory cycle

Leal

Calado

2001

Pediatric Neurology

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“…The IRLS is a 10-item questionnaire that measures two dimensions of restless legs syndrome (symptoms and symptoms impact); each item is rated on a four-point scale (0 = none to 4 = very severe), and total score is a sum of the individual item scores (mild = 1-10 points; moderate = 11-20 points; severe = 21-30 points; and very severe = 31-40 points). Because one-third of patients with fibromyalgia also have restless legs syndrome and studies have demonstrated symptomatic improvement with ferric carboxymaltose [19], study patients were screened for this disorder [20,21] and the IRLS was used as a potential explanatory factor for observed changes from baseline in Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) [22] scores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Iron-Deficient Patients with Fibromyalgia

Boomershine

Koch²,

Morris³

2017

Rheumatol Ther

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Introduction: This study sought to compare efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose vs. placebo in iron-deficient patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: This blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study randomized adults with fibromyalgia and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) scores C 60, ferritin levels \0.05 lg/ml, and transferrin saturation \20% (1:1) to receive ferric carboxymaltose [15 mg/kg (up to 750 mg)], or placebo (15 cc normal saline) intravenously on study days 0 and 5. Patients visited the clinic on days 14, 28, and 42 for efficacy and safety assessments. The primary efficacy endpoint was proportion of patients with a C 13-point improvement from baseline to day 42 in FIQR scale score. Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in FIQR scale, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) total score, Medical

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“…1,2 Recognition of RLS as an important clinical condition is growing, in part aided by standardized diagnostic criteria developed by international expert consensus in 1995 3 and revised in 2002. 4 RLS is characterized by a compelling urge to move the legs that is usually accompanied by uncomfortable, often painful sensations in the legs, begins or worsens during periods of inactivity, is worse during the evening and nighttime hours, and is partially or totally relieved by movement.…”

Section: S C I E N T I F I C I N V E S T I G a T I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

Innes

Flack

Selfe

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and distressing sensorimotor disorder of unknown etiology. While the epidemiology of RLS has been examined in several North American and European studies, research on RLS and RLS burden in poor, rural populations, including those residing in Appalachia, remains sparse. In this study, we investigated RLS prevalence in an Appalachian primary care population and examined the association of RLS to demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, sleep quality, and mood disorders. Methods: Participants of this anonymous survey study were community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 18 years visiting one of 4 West Virginia primary care clinics. Data gathered included detailed information on sleep patterns, demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and health/medical history; the survey also included questions specifi c to RLS diagnosis and severity. Response rates were excellent, with 68% of eligible adults contacted returning completed surveys (N = 1,424/2,087). Pregnant women (N = 65) and those with missing data on key variables (N = 142) were excluded from the analyses. Results: Of the 1,217 participants included in the fi nal analytic sample, 19.6% (18.2% with symptoms at least once/month) met the 4 IRLSSG diagnostic criteria in the absence of positional discomfort or leg cramps; 14.5% reported RLS symptoms at least once/week and 10.1% indicated symptoms ≥ 3×/week. Excluding respondents with diabetes, kidney disease, or anemia

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Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome

Cited by 990 publications

References 85 publications

Involuntary rhythmic leg movements time-locked with the respiratory cycle

Involuntary rhythmic leg movements time-locked with the respiratory cycle

A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Iron-Deficient Patients with Fibromyalgia

Restless Legs Syndrome in an Appalachian Primary Care Population: Prevalence, Demographic and Lifestyle Correlates, and Burden

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