Tourmaline as a recorder of contrasting boron source and potential tin mineralization in the Mopanshan pluton from Inner Mongolia, northeastern China

Duan, Zhen-Peng; Jiang, Shao‐Yong; Su, Hong; Zhu, Xinyou

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105284

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In hydrothermal ore deposits, tourmaline composition is controlled by bulk composition of the host rock, pressure, and temperature conditions of the system, and the composition of the hydrothermal fluid [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Tourmaline is also a common gangue mineral in many ore deposits (e.g., tin, tungsten, beryllium, gold, silver, copper, and uranium) and has been used to characterize the ore-forming processes [9,28,31,32,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourmaline as a Recorder of Ore-Forming Processes in the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be Deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from the Chemical Composition of Tourmaline

2020

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The Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit located in the Songpan-Ganze Orogenic Belt (Sichuan Province, China) is a hydrothermal deposit with less developed pegmatite stage. The deposit is famous for the coarse-grained crystals of beryl, scheelite, cassiterite, apatite, fluorite, muscovite, and others. The orebody is spatially associated with the Pankou and Pukouling granites hosted in Triassic marbles and schists. The highly fractionated granites are peraluminous, Li-Rb-Cs-rich, and related to W-Sn-Be mineralization. The mineralization can chiefly be classified based on the wallrock and mineral assemblages as muscovite and beryl in granite (Zone I), then beryl, cassiterite and muscovite at the transition from granite to triassic strata (Zone II), and the main mineralized veins composed of an assemblage of beryl, cassiterite, scheelite, fluorite, and apatite hosted in metasedimentary rock units of marble and schist (Zone III). Due to the stability of tourmaline over a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions, its compositional variability can reflect the evolution of the ore-forming fluids. Tourmaline is an important gangue mineral in the Xuebaoding deposit and occurs in the late-magmatic to early-hydrothermal stage, and can thus be used as a proxy for the fluid evolution. Three types of tourmalines can be distinguished: tourmaline disseminations within the granite (type I), tourmaline clusters at the margin of the granite (type II), and tourmalines occurring in the mineralized veins (type III). Based on their chemical composition, both type I and II tourmalines belong to the alkali group and to the dravite-schorl solid solution. Type III tourmaline which is higher in X-site vacancy corresponds to foitite and schorl. It is proposed that the weakly zoned type I tourmalines result from an immiscible boron-rich aqueous fluid in the latest stage of granite crystallization, that the type II tourmalines showing skeletal texture directly formed from the undercooled melts, and that type III tourmalines occurring in the mineralized veins formed directly from the magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Both type I and type II tourmalines show similar compositional variations reflecting the highly fractionated Pankou and Pukouling granites. The higher Ca, Mg, and Fe contents of type III tourmaline are buffered by the composition of the metasedimentary host rocks. The decreasing Na content (<0.8 atoms per formula unit (apfu)) and increasing Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios of all tourmaline samples suggest that they precipitated from oxidized, low-salinity fluids. The decreasing trend of Al content from type I (5.60–6.36 apfu) and type II (6.01–6.43 apfu) to type III (5.58–5.87 apfu) tourmalines, and associated decrease in Na, may be caused by the crystallization of albite and muscovite. The combined petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics of the three types of tourmalines thus reflect the late-magmatic to early-hydrothermal evolution of the ore-forming fluids, and could be used as a geochemical fingerprint for prospecting W-Sn-Be mineralization in the Xuebaoding district.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourmaline as a Recorder of Ore-Forming Processes in the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be Deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from the Chemical Composition of Tourmaline

2020

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“…However, in contrast to the relatively primary TMG, many of the highly evolved leucogranites may have undergone assimilation of country rocks, which can modify wholerock geochemical and isotopic characteristics (Zeng et al, Geochemical and Boron Isotopic Evidence that Tourmaline Records Country Rock Assimilation of Leucogranites in the Himalayan Orogen 2019). Tourmaline B isotopic compositions of leucogranites and pegmatites have commonly been used as an isotopic tracer (e.g., Jiang et al, 1998Jiang et al, , 2003Trumbull et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2015;Gou et al, 2017;Maner et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2019;Duan et al, 2020;Sunde et al, 2020). As such, it is important to assess if tourmaline is affected by late-stage crustal assimilation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geochemical and Boron Isotopic Evidence that Tourmaline Records Country Rock Assimilation of Leucogranites in the Himalayan Orogen

Gao

Zeng

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Tourmaline geochemical and boron (B) isotopic compositions in two‐mica granites (TMG), tourmaline‐bearing leucogranites (Tou‐LG), tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong–Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide evidence for country rock assimilation during the intrusion of Himalayan leucogranite. The schorls in Gyirong leucogranitic plutons show low contents of MgO (0.238%–1.160%) and δ11B values (–12.1‰––11.2‰), while dravites gathered in the contact zone between the leucogranitic veins and metapelites show high contents of MgO (4.815%–6.755%) and δ11B values (–10.7‰––9.3‰). This geochemical and isotopic variation of tourmalines can also be identified in the Malashan gneiss dome. As a result, three types of tourmaline were identified in the Himalayan orogen: (1) Tou‐I in the TMG and Tou‐LG, which is the most common tourmaline type of schorl; (2) Tou‐II (dravite and high‐Mg schorl) in the Tou‐LG and tourmalite at the margins of the leucogranite; and (3) Tou‐III (mainly dravite, with minor high‐Mg schorl) in metapelites of the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence. The lenses and veins of Tou‐LG may have experienced metasomatism and assimilation as a result of interaction with the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence metasedimentary country rocks, which can be traced by the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the tourmaline therein.

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“…The color banding of tourmaline in the vertical c-axis direction is indicative of the evolution of the protoliths, and the large number of isotopes contained in tourmaline can be traced to its mineralization and rock-forming environments, so tourmaline has good significance in the exploration of mineral deposits [4,5]. In addition, tourmaline has piezoelectric and thermoelectric properties, which give it a variety of applications in medicine, electronics, chemistry, and environmental protection [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy Characteristics and Color-Influencing Factors of Green Iron-Bearing Elbaite

Cui,

Guo,

Tang

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The color-influencing factors and spectroscopy of 22 green elbaite samples were investigated using X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometry, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and infrared spectroscopy. The chromogenic components iron and manganese were found in the green elbaites; however, the bivariate correlation analysis indicated that the Mn content had no impact on the color, whereas the Fe content significantly affected both the lightness and the hue of green elbaites. The primary factors influencing the color of tourmaline were the absorption band at 720 nm caused by the Fe2+ d-d transitions and the 300 to 400 nm wide absorption edge extending to the visible range due to the O2−-Fe3+ charge transfer. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the color of tourmalines was also influenced by their structure. As the degree of Y and Z octahedral distortion in the tourmaline lattice increased, the lightness of the tourmaline decreased and its color deepened. The hydroxyl region of the infrared spectra of green elbaite showed three distinct peak positions representing two types of hydroxyl vibrations: O1H at the W position and O3H at the V position. The O1H vibrations are attributed to YLiYAlYAl and XNa or X position vacancy, while the O3H vibrations are assigned to ZAlZAlYAl and ZAlZAlYLi. The presence of three peaks in the hydroxyl vibrational region of the IR spectra indicated that these samples were iron-bearing elbaites.

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Tourmaline as a recorder of contrasting boron source and potential tin mineralization in the Mopanshan pluton from Inner Mongolia, northeastern China

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Tourmaline as a Recorder of Ore-Forming Processes in the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be Deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from the Chemical Composition of Tourmaline

Tourmaline as a Recorder of Ore-Forming Processes in the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be Deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from the Chemical Composition of Tourmaline

Geochemical and Boron Isotopic Evidence that Tourmaline Records Country Rock Assimilation of Leucogranites in the Himalayan Orogen

Spectroscopy Characteristics and Color-Influencing Factors of Green Iron-Bearing Elbaite

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