Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism

Lepp, Andrew; Gibson, Heather

doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(03)00024-0

Cited by 812 publications

(761 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Back in the 1970s, Cohen's (1972) classic work, Toward a Sociology of International Tourism, proposed a multidisciplinary model that links sociology to the realm of psychology where it categorizes tourists into four distinctive roles based on the individual's preference of novelty or familiarity: organized mass tourist, independent mass tourist, drifter, and explorer (Aschauer, 2010;Lepp & Gibson, 2003;Reisinger & Mavondo, 2005;Seabra et al, 2013;Williams & Baláž, 2013). Lepp and Gibson (2003) were the first to systematically investigate the influence of tourist role and their preference for novelty or familiarity on risk perception. The need for novelty was found to be related to the individual lifestyle (Bello & Etzel, 1985) as well as personality (Plog, 1974).…”

Section: The Antecedents Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for novelty was found to be related to the individual lifestyle (Bello & Etzel, 1985) as well as personality (Plog, 1974). One of the most cited works associated with tourists' risk perception would be the classical work of Plog (Korstanje, 2009;Kozak et al, 2007;Lepp & Gibson, 2003;Pizam et al, 2004;Reisinger & Mavondo, 2005;Sönmez & Graefe, 1998b). Plog (1974; categorized tourists based on their personality and motivation into three scales.…”

Section: The Antecedents Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been an increasing number of tourism studies on risk and safety since 1970s (Maser & Weiermair, 1998;Milman, Jones, & Bach, 1999;Pizam, 1999;Sirakaya, Sheppard, & McLellan, 1997;Sönmez, Apostolopoulos, & Tarlow, 1999;Sönmez & Graefe, 1998a, 1998bTsaur, Tzeng, & Wang, 1997;Wilks & Atherton, 1994). The term 'risk' was used extensively in tourism research after the 9/11 incident (Dickson & Dolnicar, 2004;Fuchs & Reichel, 2006;Korstanje, 2011;Law, 2006;Lepp & Gibson, 2003;Pizam et al, 2004;Quintal, Lee, & Soutar, 2010;Reisinger & Mavondo, 2005;Simpson & Siguaw, 2008;Williams & Baláž, 2013), followed by a couple of major tragedies including the SARS outbreak, the Bali bombings, and the Asian tsunami, which have shaken the tourism industry across the globe. The severity, frequency, and impact of these unprecedented tragedies have given rise to an increasing number of researches investigating the various aspects of risk in tourism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tourism at Risk: A Review of Risk and Perceived Risk in Tourism

Yang¹,

Nair²

2014

Asia-Pac J Innov Hosp Tour

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Since the 9/11 attack in 2001, a number of major tragedies, including the SARS outbreak, the Bali bombings, and the Asian tsunami, have swept the tourism industry across the globe. The impact of these crises was unprecedented and thus, it raises the necessity to review the existing risk literature in tourism. This paper reviews the multi-dimensional concept of risk in tourism by analyzing 46 selected articles following the guidelines of content analysis. The findings are categorized into four broad meaning themes: (1) the concept of risk, safety and security; (2) the research trend of risk in tourism; (3) the definitions and antecedents of perceived risk; and (4) risk as a positive element. Based on the analysis, a framework is proposed for future research. The originality of this study lies in its attempt to conceptualize a comprehensive framework of risk perception in tourism as the existing literature tends to be empirically skewed, resulting in theoretical frameworks underused or applied in a fragmented way.

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Section: The Antecedents Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Antecedents Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tourism at Risk: A Review of Risk and Perceived Risk in Tourism

Yang¹,

Nair²

2014

Asia-Pac J Innov Hosp Tour

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“…For example, the tourism sector presents unique characteristics associated with the nature and purpose of traveling, developing a related decision and risk management. Lepp and Gibson (2003) examined tourists' risk aversion over several sources of risk, detecting that the purpose of traveling, seeking familiarity over novelty, is the primary factor of risk aversion. Using the methodology of this article, familiarity seekers focus their decision frame on narrow options avoiding risk, since the purpose of vacation tourism demands lower rates of urgency.…”

Section: Case Analysis On Business and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Analysis Framing and Motivation Application in Business and Tourism

Kafkalas¹

2018

Eur. j. econ. bus. stud.

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This article examines the implications of framing in decision analysis and proposes a tool under rationality that incorporates attributes of behavioral models. The proposed approach suggests that decision agents make an overall assessment of their state-conditional alternatives in association with exogenous environmental and social factors, resulting in an overall score of urgency that can be considered as the resource pool of motivation. The process is formulated as a state-contingent input-requirement set and it is able to explain behavioral biases such as the certainty and pseudo-certainty effects, issues of Knightian uncertainty, risk management and innovation. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) formulation is also presented and an application of case analysis on business and tourism.

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“…(Pizam and Fleischer, 2002) viewed tourist as symbolic value as indirect representative of hostile or unsympathetic governments and are soft targets concentrated in hotel belts and tourist attractions, where terrorist attacks on foreign tourists are less likely to alienate popular support than would attack on domestic targets and as foreigners they can be attacked without necessarily posing a threat to others in the nation. Terrorists knows the political importance of international tourism, due to that they always attack tourist, whereby the attacks intimidate tourists, the intimidation affects tourism industry (Lepp and Gibson, 2003) the threat of danger that accompanies terrorism or political turmoil tends to intimidate potential tourists more severely than any natural or human caused disaster.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%