Tourism persistence in Spain: National versus international visitors

Abstract

In this article, we examine the statistical properties of the time series corresponding to the number of national and international visitors in Spain using fractional integration. This methodology allows us to examine the degree of persistence of the series, and thus, infer some conclusions about the nature of the shocks. According to the results reported in this work, seasonality matters in both cases, being more important in international tourism. Moreover, we observe significant differences in the degree of persistence between national and international tourism. Although both series seem to be mean reverting, with shocks having a transitory nature, higher orders of integration are observed in the case of the international arrivals.

Quality versus quantity: An assessment of the impact of Michelin-starred restaurants on tourism in Spain

“…Both the dependent and independent variables are based on the previous academic literature, where they have been used in similar generic tourist demand models (Gani and Clemes, 2017; Kuo et al, 2009; Seetaram, 2012). In this specific case, two independent variables Yit (log of numbers of tourists) differentiate between resident and nonresident tourists, as was done in Garín-Muñoz (2009), since Gil-Alana et al (2019) suggest that domestic and foreign tourists follow different patterns.…”

Persistence, seasonality, and fractional integration within a nonlinear framework: Evidence from US citizens’ overseas travel

“…Studies by Gil-Alana et al (2004), Gil-Alana (2005, 2010, 2011, Cunado et al (2004Cunado et al ( , 2005Cunado et al ( , 2008aCunado et al ( , 2008b, Gil-Alana et al (2008), Chu (2008Chu ( , 2009, Gil-Alana and Fischer (2010), Assaf et al (2011Assaf et al ( , 2012, Nowman and Van Dellen (2012), Chen andMalinda (2014), Gil-Alana et al (2014), Gil-Alana et al (2015, Al-Shboul and Anwar (2017), Apergis et al (2017), Andraz et al (2018), Huijbens (2018), Caporale and Gil-Alana (2019), Gil-Alana et al (2019), Gil-Alana et al (2020, and Perez-Rodriguez and Santana-Gallego (2020) have applied fractional integration techniques with respect to various tourism indicators across a range of countries. In the vast majority of these studies, the differencing parameter is more often than not less than one, with the respective time series generally displaying mean reversion.…”

Tourism Persistence in the Southeastern European Countries: The Impact of COVID-19

“…Some recent studies have applied instead a more general framework allowing the differencing parameter to take fractional as well as integer values. Examples of such studies using fractional integration methods are Yucel et al (2022), Claudio-Quiroga et al (2021), Gil-Alana et al (2019) and Payne et al (2021), the latter finding that, as a result of the COVID-19…”