Tourism in marine protected areas: Can it be considered as an alternative livelihood for local communities?

Pham, Thi Thanh Thuy

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103891

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The designation of PAs often implies significant economic impacts for people ( Pham, 2020 ). As a result there have been growing calls for certain measures to be introduced in order to allow local communities to maintain income levels after the designation of PAs ( Dang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social impacts of European Protected Areas and policy recommendations

Jones

Graziano

Dimitrakopoulos

2020

Environmental Science & Policy

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Highlights Seven categories of social impacts were identified in the literature review. Most important negative impacts are on human rights and social equity. Most important positive impacts are on wellbeing and livelihoods. There is need to increase subjective assessment of impacts in protected areas. Coordination of policies across sectors is needed to meet future biodiversity targets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social impacts of European Protected Areas and policy recommendations

Jones

Graziano

Dimitrakopoulos

2020

Environmental Science & Policy

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“…Tackling overcrowding and resolving conflicts in PAs necessitates also finding a balance between local economic development and the wellbeing of locals. Recreational activities within PAs are a major source of income for locals [63]. Sustainable tourism has been at the core of management plans for many PAs in Europe [64] allowing local communities to maintain an income [65,66], which often compensates for economic losses due to the PA designation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Management of European Protected Areas and Policy Implications

McGinlay

Gkoumas

Holtvoeth

et al. 2020

Forests

122

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The COVID-19 pandemic led to many European countries imposing lockdown measures and limiting people’s movement during spring 2020. During the summer 2020, these strict lockdown measures were gradually lifted while in autumn 2020, local restrictions started to be re-introduced as a second wave emerged. After initial restrictions on visitors accessing many Nature Protected Areas (PAs) in Europe, management authorities have had to introduce measures so that all users can safely visit these protected landscapes. In this paper, we examine the challenges that emerged due to COVID-19 for PAs and their deeper causes. By considering the impact on and response of 14 popular European National and Nature Parks, we propose tentative longer-term solutions going beyond the current short-term measures that have been implemented. The most important challenges identified in our study were overcrowding, a new profile of visitors, problematic behavior, and conflicts between different user groups. A number of new measures have been introduced to tackle these challenges including information campaigns, traffic management, and establishing one-way systems on trail paths. However, measures to safeguard public health are often in conflict with other PA management measures aiming to minimize disturbance of wildlife and ecosystems. We highlight three areas in which management of PAs can learn from the experience of this pandemic: managing visitor numbers in order to avoid overcrowding through careful spatial planning, introducing educational campaigns, particularly targeting a new profile of visitors, and promoting sustainable tourism models, which do not rely on large visitor numbers.

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“…In addition, with the unquestionable growth that marine tourism generates in destination economies, it also causes a range of environmental impacts that can lead to the deterioration of coastal and marine ecosystems (Bires and Raj 2020 ; Hawkins and Roberts 1994 ; Kurniawan et al 2016 ; Miller and Auyong 1991 ; Miller and Ditton 1986 ; Pascoe et al 2014 ; Romeril 1988 ; Wong 1993 ). The challenge of tourism in coastal territories is to find, through strategies and management mechanisms, a balanced adjustment between economic, environmental and sociocultural dimensions (Budowski 1976 ; Hall 2011 ; Jones 2019 ; Liu et al 2020 ; Merli et al 2019 ; Orams 1999 ; Papageorgiou 2016 ) in tourism sustainability (Bramwell and Lane 2011 ; Gkoumas 2019 ; Grilli et al 2021 ; Pham 2020 ; Rocha et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of marine tourism companies in CSR: the case of the island of Tenerife

González-Morales

Talavera

González

2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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Corporate Social Responsibility is a voluntary strategy by companies, which integrates a set of actions that contribute to sustainable development. This study analyzes the degree of involvement of marine tourism companies in human resource management, adaptation to change, environmental management, local community development and collaboration with public and private agents. These areas configure companies’ Corporate Social Responsibility strategies. Information was collected from marine tourism companies on the island of Tenerife using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A binary logistic regression analysis was applied. The results indicate that, in general, marine tourism companies are socio-environmentally responsible. Environmental aspects and adaptation to change through innovation have the greatest weight in these companies’ Corporate Social Responsibility strategies. Actions for local community development and collaboration with private agents are also important. However, human resource management influences negatively since marine tourism is a highly regulated sector in this regard. Thus, actions are mandatory and not voluntary, affecting all companies equally whether they have high levels of Corporate Social Responsibility implementation or not. Regarding relations with public authorities, the results indicate that improvement is urgently required, given the low participation of marine tourism companies in policy making.

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Tourism in marine protected areas: Can it be considered as an alternative livelihood for local communities?

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Social impacts of European Protected Areas and policy recommendations

Social impacts of European Protected Areas and policy recommendations

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Management of European Protected Areas and Policy Implications

The involvement of marine tourism companies in CSR: the case of the island of Tenerife

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