Tourism development ethics in the third world

Lea, John

doi:10.1016/0160-7383(93)90092-h

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although these definitions were useful in enhancing the current understanding, it was found that they explored the two concepts in a normative way. To further explore the two concepts the study of Monterrubio (2009)-who undertook an in-depth analysis of the attitudes of residents of Zipolite (west coast of Mexico) toward the presence and behavior of nude tourists-only occasionally will one find references, rather brief or quite incidental, devoted to the effects of nudism on host societies (see, e.g., Cohen, 1982;Lea, 1993;Mehta, 1980;Wilson, 1994Wilson, , 1997.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Nudism and Naturism Tourism to “Natourism”: Defining Natourism and Exploring Natourists? Motivations

Andriotis¹

2016

Tourism Analysis

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This article reviews previous attempts to define nudist and naturist tourism, and it elaborates detailed definitions through analyzing and discussing views of numerous natourist/nudist associations worldwide. Out of this process, the term “natourism” emerged, which includes the notion of “social nudity” as a main reason for traveling as well as a wide variety of ancillary stereotypical activities. As a term, “natourism” was tested after exploring the motivations of 1,508 natourists from all over the world. Although initially this study, through a literature review, identified three general motivation groups of natourism—namely, human motivations, motivations to travel, and nudism/naturism motivations—factor analysis made it possible to identify additional factors of natourists' motivations, which included Naturalism and Relaxation, Sexuality, Stereotypical Travel Motivations, and Personal and Family Motivations. Despite the limitations of the study, findings confirm the appropriateness of the term “natourism” to establish parameters for further research.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Nudism and Naturism Tourism to “Natourism”: Defining Natourism and Exploring Natourists? Motivations

Andriotis¹

2016

Tourism Analysis

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“…A number of researchers have expressed concern at the lack of research into tourism ethics (Fennell, 1999;Fennell & Malloy, 1999;Holden, 2003;Lea, 1993;Payne & Dimanche, 1996). Fennell (1999), for example, decries the "very weak foundation of research into tourism ethic studies to date" (p. 254) and Fennell and Malloy (1999) lament that the study of the ethical orientation of managers and other stakeholder groups in tourism is "virtually unexplored" (p. 940).…”

Section: Tourism Research On Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Obstacles to Ethical Travel: Attitudes and Behaviors of New Zealand Travel Agents with Respect to "Politically Repressed" Destinations

Lovelock¹

2007

Tourism Review International

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This article examines the attitudes and behaviors of New Zealand travel agents in relation to providing travel advice for destinations that have known human rights abuses. A postal survey was undertaken of travel agencies throughout New Zealand. Generally, while supportive in principle of ethical travel, travel agents do not operationalize this concern in terms of their workplace behavior (e.g., continuing to sell products for destinations that have known human rights issues). A range of workplace and personal factors appear to be infl uential in the way in which travel agents behave. However, the primary obstacle acting against travel agents participating more actively in ethical travel is the ethical dissonance imposed on the ethical decision-making situation through the agent's obligation to give credence to their clients' rights of freedom of choice over where they travel.

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“…It implicitly focuses our attention on the perceptions and responses of the tourism 'industrf to the welfare implications of its activities, and illuminates the nature and consequences of D. Hall and F. Brown power relationships within the 'industry, and between the 'industrf and the tourism-generating and host environments. Second, through an identification of socio-economic, s o c i d t u r a l and socio-behavioural processes within tourism, a welfare focus enables us to clanfy tourism's ambiguous positionpossessing both conservation and destructive characteristics (Lea, 1993, Ethics are centrally concerned with characterising behaviour in the context of relationships and identity, placing a particular emphasis upon social responsibility in decision-making (Carroll, 1989, p. 30;Wheeler, 1994, p. 46-7). Certainly, notions of morality, ethics and codes of conduct have been debated in the sociology of development literature for some time (e.g.…”

Section: P5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a welfare focus for tourism research

Hall¹,

Brown²

1996

Progr. Tourism Hospit. Res.

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Analysis of the welfare – physical, economic, social, etc. – of all those involved in tourism (tourists, employees, local residents, animals and the environment in which it takes place) is proposed as a means of illuminating tourism's nature and impacts. The paper argues that the welfare of one set of participants may be compromised by efforts to increase that of others and illustrates this with an examination of the contrasting welfare of tourists and non‐tourists; the welfare of tourism employees, especially those who migrate to take up work, versus that of other residents; and the (dis)benefits that accrue to animals and nature when included in the tourism product.

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Tourism development ethics in the third world

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

From Nudism and Naturism Tourism to “Natourism”: Defining Natourism and Exploring Natourists? Motivations

From Nudism and Naturism Tourism to “Natourism”: Defining Natourism and Exploring Natourists? Motivations

Obstacles to Ethical Travel: Attitudes and Behaviors of New Zealand Travel Agents with Respect to "Politically Repressed" Destinations

Towards a welfare focus for tourism research

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