Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders in Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood

Ludolph, Andrea G.; Roessner, Veit; Münchau, Alexander; Müller-Vahl, Kirsten

doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0821

Cited by 46 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…These tics reach a peak in adolescence but tend to alleviate in adulthood (Wichmann and DeLong, 2011; Williams and Okun, 2013). Comorbidities can also be observed such as OCD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and psychosocial difficulties (Ludolph et al, 2012). …”

Section: Current Theory Of Dbs On Modulating Bg Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Cunha

Boschen

Gómez-A

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge about the roles of the basal ganglia (BG) in action-selection, cognition, and motivation, and how this knowledge has been used to improve deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such pathological conditions include Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Tourette syndrome, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The first section presents evidence supporting current hypotheses of how the cortico-BG circuitry works to select motor and emotional actions, and how defects in this circuitry can cause symptoms of the BG diseases. Emphasis is given to the role of striatal dopamine on motor performance, motivated behaviors and learning of procedural memories. Next, the use of cutting-edge electrochemical techniques in animal and human studies of BG functioning under normal and disease conditions is discussed. Finally, functional neuroimaging studies are reviewed; these works have shown the relationship between cortico-BG structures activated during DBS and improvement of disease symptoms.

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Section: Current Theory Of Dbs On Modulating Bg Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Cunha

Boschen

Gómez-A

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…TS is defined by multiple motor tics and the presence of at least one vocal tic over a period of one year [2]. Some young people with TS have been found to experience emotional difficulties, to feel different or abnormal because of tics [3] and to report problems relating with peers [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) among young people is associated with psychosocial difficulties and parents play an important role in the management of the condition. Clinical guidelines have been developed for the treatment of TS and tics, but little is known about how young people and their parents perceive their treatment options or their desired outcomes of treatment. The aim of this study is to explore perceptions of treatments for tics among young people with TS and their parents.MethodsIn-depth interviews with 42 young people with TS and a mixed-methods, online survey of 295 parents of young people with TS. Participant recruitment was conducted through Tourettes Action (TA): a non-profit UK organisation for the support of people with TS. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and responses to survey open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data from the parents’ survey and qualitative data from the interviews with young people was used to increase the validity and depth of the findings.ResultsA strong theme was the perception that health professionals have limited knowledge of TS and its treatment. Medication was a common treatment for tics and both young people and parents described benefits of medication. However, adverse effects were frequently described and these were a common reason for stopping medication among young people. Aripiprazole was viewed most positively. Access to behavioural interventions for tics was limited and 76% of parents wanted this treatment to be available for their child. Some young people had reservations about the effectiveness or practicality of behavioural interventions. Reduction and abolition of tics were desired outcomes of treatment, but both parents and young people also identified the importance of increasing control over tics and reducing anxiety-related symptoms. For young people, managing the urge to tic was an important outcome of treatment.ConclusionsThe results suggest a need for more training in the identification and management of TS and wider availability of behavioural treatments. Clinical trials could explore the effectiveness of Aripiprazole used in combination with psycho-educational interventions to reduce anxiety and promote a sense of control.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0430-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Movement disorders in children can be a sign of diseases requiring genetic counseling (e.g., genetic dystonias) or tailored management, including, for instance, antibiotic drugs in Sydenham's chorea, immunosuppressive medication in autoimmunological syndromes or neuropsychiatric treatment in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnostic delay of childhood-onset movement disorders is considerable, indicating that they are probably under-recognized.Movement disorders in children can be a sign of diseases requiring genetic counseling (e.g., genetic dystonias) 1 or tailored management, including, for instance, antibiotic drugs in Sydenham's chorea, immunosuppressive medication in autoimmunological syndromes 2 or neuropsychiatric treatment in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). 3 Clinical phenomenology, including movement disorders, can be manifold in these defined diseases and is increasingly being appreciated. The distribution of childhood-onset movement disorders coming to clinical attention in a nonselected pediatric movement disorders clinic and corresponding differential diagnoses are less well known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Childhood‐Onset Movement Disorders: A Clinical Series of 606 Cases

Bäumer

Sajin

Münchau

2016

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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The aim of this work is to report the distribution of clinical phenomenology, demographic variables, and delay of diagnosis in a cohort of patients with childhood‐onset movement disorders. Personally examined patients with childhood‐onset movement disorders apart from those with cerebral palsy are reported. A total of 606 patients were included. The majority had tic disorders (346; 57%) followed by dystonia (72; 12%); other movement disorders were less frequent (<5%). Mean onset age of patients with tics was 7.4 years ± 3.8 standard deviation; mean delay of diagnosis was 9.9 ± 11 years. Mean onset age of other movement disorders was 8.6 ± 5.7 years; mean delay of diagnosis was 11.1 ± 12.5 years. Psychogenic movement disorders had a later onset than all other movement disorders (P < 0.01) apart from tremor and “other movement disorders.” Dystonias had a longer delay of diagnosis than psychogenic movement disorders (P < 0.038). The diagnostic delay of childhood‐onset movement disorders is considerable, indicating that they are probably under‐recognized.

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Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders in Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood

Abstract: Because of the low level of the available evidence, no definitive recommendations can be made for the treatment of tics.

Cited by 46 publications

References 62 publications

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation

Perceptions of treatment for tics among young people with Tourette syndrome and their parents: a mixed methods study

Childhood‐Onset Movement Disorders: A Clinical Series of 606 Cases

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