Tough and flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) composites prepared via reactive blending with biobased ammonium phytate and in situ formed crosslinked polyurethane

Li, Defu; Zhao, Xi; Jia, Yun-Wan; Wang, Xiuli; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.coco.2018.04.001

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chitosan has recently been examined more broadly as an FR additive, working in concert with a broad range of inorganic additives [71] and phosphorous sources [72]. Phytic acid has similarly been shown by multiple workers to be a useful FR agent, working synergistically with tannic acid [73], or as a phytate salt with ammonia [74], metal ions [75], piperidine [76] or 1,6-hexane diamine [77]. Phytic acid is an intriguing additive in that it brings six phosphate groups per molecule, bound to a readily carbonizable glucose ring; many of the reported salts introduce nitrogen in their cations.…”

Section: Polymer Loimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review

Watson

Schiraldi

2020

Polymers

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Biological molecules can be obtained from natural sources or from commercial waste streams and can serve as effective feedstocks for a wide range of polymer products. From foams to epoxies and composites to bulk plastics, biomolecules show processability, thermal stability, and mechanical adaptations to fulfill current material requirements. This paper summarizes the known bio-sourced (or bio-derived), environmentally safe, thermo-oxidative, and flame retardant (BEST-FR) additives from animal tissues, plant fibers, food waste, and other natural resources. The flammability, flame retardance, and—where available—effects on polymer matrix’s mechanical properties of these materials will be presented. Their method of incorporation into the matrix, and the matrices for which the BEST-FR should be applicable will also be made known if reported. Lastly, a review on terminology and testing methodology is provided with comments on future developments in the field.

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Section: Polymer Loimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review

Watson

Schiraldi

2020

Polymers

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“…In recent years, many efforts have been done to improve both the fire performance and toughness of PLA simultaneously. 14,15 For example, two different particles (polyelectrolyte microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate [PC@APP] and polyurethane-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate [MCAPP]) with core-shell structure have been successfully prepared in our previous work. 16,17 The incorporation of PC@APP and MCAPP can not only upgrade UL-94 rating to V-0 but also increase the test results of both notched impact strength and elongation at break.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously improving the fire performance and toughness of polylactic acid by reactive blending with castor oil-based polyurethane and ammonium polyphosphate

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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A new method has been presented to simultaneously enhance both the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactide acid composites by introducing castor oil-based polyurethane and ammonium polyphosphate via reactive blending. The in situ polymerization of castor oil and toluene diisocyanate in the polylactide acid matrix has been confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The flame retardant test results indicate that the introduction of 20% ammonium polyphosphate can increase the limiting oxygen index of polylactide acid composites from 19.3% to 27.2%, upgrade the UL-94 rating from no rating to V-0, and decrease the peak heat release rate from 505.5 to 337.0 kW/m2. Moreover, the toughness of polylactide acid is also improved significantly, with the elongation at break and notched impact strength increasing to 37.0% and 7.59 kJ/m2, respectively. The possible mechanisms for both flame retardancy and toughness are also discussed and proposed.

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“…23,24 The inherent rigidity of PLA need to be modied to fulll the demand of spread application. [25][26][27] Phosphorus containing ame retardants are well recognized for their advantages of low toxicity, low corrosion and good re resistance performance. Great variety of phosphorus containing ame retardants has been developed and commercialized, such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP), resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), metal phosphinates and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%