Tough and damage-tolerant monolithic zirconia ceramics with transformation-induced plasticity by grain-boundary segregation

Segregation and interdiffusion processes in perovskites: a review of recent advances

“…The importance of surface defects compared to bulk defects is conrmed for Cu-doped Pr-CeO 2 . 128 131 Polycrystalline lanthanum-strontium manganites exhibit sparse La-ordering on the surface, signicant strontium segregation in the near-surface layers with a sharp change in the valence state of manganese, namely Mn 3+ to Mn 4+ increases from the surface to depth, which seems to be involved in the stabilization of surface reconstruction. All these trends have been proved by a comprehensive analysis of experimental and theoretical XPS, DFT, STM and LEED methods.…”

“…128 Similar trends of reduction in specific boundary conductivity, reduction in grain boundary migration energy and improvement in ceramic strength properties were obtained on ceria-zirconia with different dopants 1 mol% CeO–10 mol% Sc 2 O 3 –89 mol% ZrO 2 , 129 Y 0.2− x La x Ce 0.8 O 2− δ 130 and (MgO, CaO, BaO or SrO)–Zr 0.9 Ce 0.1 O 2− δ . 131…”