Totally S-protected hyaluronic acid: Evaluation of stability and mucoadhesive properties as liquid dosage form

Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Containing Cherry Extract from Prunus avium L. to Improve the Resistance of Endothelial Cells to Oxidative Stress

“…Probably, the lack of antioxidant effect of the previous NPs should be ascribed to the thiols present on the NP surface not being protected. It is known indeed that the non-protected thiol groups are instable and prone to degradation in the GI [ 45 ].…”

Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid as Versatile Mucoadhesive Polymer: From the Chemistry Behind to Product Developments—What Are the Capabilities?

“…The biocompatibility represents an important issue within formulation development from the academic as well as the industrial point of view, as novel formulations should not cause adverse effects after administration. Within several studies from Laffleur and co-workers, thiolated HA did not affect cell viability of Caco-2 cells [16,19,20,21,22,23]. Moreover, other research groups demonstrated high cell viability on 3T3, RAW 264.7 and HMEC cells [67].…”

“…Preactivated HA showed high stability as well as no cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. The preactivation or S-protection is of great importance in order to guarantee efficient stability against oxidation prior to administration and via preactivation of HA-SH an even longer residence time is predictable [16].…”

Preactivated-thiolated polyacrylic acid/1-vinyl pyrrolidone nanoparticles as nicotine carriers for smoking cessation

“…However, the thiol moieties were unstable and readily active for oxidation, leading to less thiol group attachment to the glycoprotein. 20,21 Preactivated thiomers may solve the stability concerns of thiomers by preventing thiol oxidation during storage. Preactivation forms a disulde linkage between the thiol of the mucoadhesive polymer and that of an electron-decient leaving group.…”

“…S-Preactivated L-cysteine is stable in an oxidative environment and provides high viscosity and improved mucoadhesive property on the intestinal and a conjunctival mucosal membrane. 21 Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) offer various benets in drug delivery. The colloidal systems of PNPs having a particle size of less than 1000 nm exhibit an extensive surface area and provide high drug-loading and controlled-release prole, which render the PNPs attractive for drug delivery.…”