Introduction.Palladium is now regarded as the most versatile metal among a number of transition metals used for organic synthesis.1) We started research on organopalladium chemistry in early 1960s, and discovered carbon-carbon bond formation by using palladium complexes for the first time. Since then we have carried out extensive studies on organopalladium. One topic of these studies is palladium-catalyzed reaction of allylic compounds via π-allylpalladium complexes. Among a number of new catalytic reactions discovered in this area, synthetically useful catalytic reactions of allyl β-keto carboxylates and malonates via palladium enolates are summarized in this review. The first palladium-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation. At first we investigated the possibility of carbon-carbon bond formation by using palladium complexes. When we treated the stable PdCl 2 complex of cyclooctadiene (COD) 1 with diethyl malonate in ether in the presence of sodium carbonate at room temperature, a facile carbopalladation occurred to give the new stable complex 2. This reaction is the first example of carbopalladation of an alkene in palladium chemistry, resulting in the carbon-carbon bond formation. The palladium-carbon σ-bond in the complex 2 is stabilized by coordination of π-olefin bond. By the treatment of the complex 2 with a base, malonate anion was generated and attacked the palladium-carbon bond, affording the bicyclo[6. Abstract: During extensive studies on π-allylpalladium chemistry, we have developed classical β-keto ester and malonate chemistry to a new generation by discovering a variety of palladium-catalyzed reactions of their allylic esters. Palladium enolates are generated from allyl β-keto esters after decarboxylation and undergo the following transformations; a) reductive elimination to provide α-allyl ketones, b) elimination of β-hydrogen to give α, β-unsaturated ketones, c) formation of α-methylene ketones, d) hydrogenolysis to give ketones, e) aldol condensation, and f) Michael addition. Allyl malonates and cyanoacetes undergo similar reactions. Results of these studies, including several applications carried out by other researchers are summarized.