Abstract:Clostrubin is a potent antibiotic against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant bacteria that was isolated from a strictly anaerobic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii in 2014. This polyphenol possesses a fully substituted arene moiety on its pentacyclic scaffold, which poses a considerable challenge for chemical synthesis. Here we report the first total synthesis of clostrubin in nine steps (the longest linear sequence). A desymmetrization strategy is exploited based on the inherent structural feature of the … Show more
“…Furthermore, the surface carrier dynamics are independent of excitation density ( fig. S6), suggesting that the fast decay kinetics are not affected by bulk recombination (21). We fit a diffusion model to the kinetic trace with the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and the surface recombination velocity (SRV) as best-fit parameters with values of 0.5 cm 2 s -1 and 500 cm s -1 , respectively.…”
Solar photoconversion in semiconductors is driven by charge separation at the interface of the semiconductor and contacting layers. Here we demonstrate that time-resolved photoinduced reflectance from a semiconductor captures interfacial carrier dynamics. We applied this transient photoreflectance method to study charge transfer at p-type gallium-indium phosphide (p-GaInP2) interfaces critically important to solar-driven water splitting. We monitored the formation and decay of transient electric fields that form upon photoexcitation within bare p-GaInP2, p-GaInP2/platinum (Pt), and p-GaInP2/amorphous titania (TiO2) interfaces. The data show that a field at both the p-GaInP2/Pt and p-GaInP2/TiO2 interfaces drives charge separation. Additionally, the charge recombination rate at the p-GaInP2/TiO2 interface is greatly reduced owing to its p-n nature, compared with the Schottky nature of the p-GaInP2/Pt interface.
“…Furthermore, the surface carrier dynamics are independent of excitation density ( fig. S6), suggesting that the fast decay kinetics are not affected by bulk recombination (21). We fit a diffusion model to the kinetic trace with the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and the surface recombination velocity (SRV) as best-fit parameters with values of 0.5 cm 2 s -1 and 500 cm s -1 , respectively.…”
Solar photoconversion in semiconductors is driven by charge separation at the interface of the semiconductor and contacting layers. Here we demonstrate that time-resolved photoinduced reflectance from a semiconductor captures interfacial carrier dynamics. We applied this transient photoreflectance method to study charge transfer at p-type gallium-indium phosphide (p-GaInP2) interfaces critically important to solar-driven water splitting. We monitored the formation and decay of transient electric fields that form upon photoexcitation within bare p-GaInP2, p-GaInP2/platinum (Pt), and p-GaInP2/amorphous titania (TiO2) interfaces. The data show that a field at both the p-GaInP2/Pt and p-GaInP2/TiO2 interfaces drives charge separation. Additionally, the charge recombination rate at the p-GaInP2/TiO2 interface is greatly reduced owing to its p-n nature, compared with the Schottky nature of the p-GaInP2/Pt interface.
“…1C). Although various molecular and macroscopic constructs implement the basic principles of strain stiffening (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), none replicate tissue's deformation response completely and precisely. For example, various silicone rubbers, such as Ecoflex and Dragon Skin, which are widely used in orthotics and cinematography (17), have skinlike softness but lack the strain-stiffening characteristics of skin (Fig.…”
Active camouflage is widely recognized as a soft-tissue feature, and yet the ability to integrate adaptive coloration and tissuelike mechanical properties into synthetic materials remains elusive. We provide a solution to this problem by uniting these functions in moldable elastomers through the self-assembly of linear-bottlebrush-linear triblock copolymers. Microphase separation of the architecturally distinct blocks results in physically cross-linked networks that display vibrant color, extreme softness, and intense strain stiffening on par with that of skin tissue. Each of these functional properties is regulated by the structure of one macromolecule, without the need for chemical cross-linking or additives. These materials remain stable under conditions characteristic of internal bodily environments and under ambient conditions, neither swelling in bodily fluids nor drying when exposed to air.
“…GRK2 and GRK6 promote the phosphorylation of β-arrestin and then recruit SRC kinase to the GPCR/β-arrestin complex. 8 Consistently, the authors found that TGR5-GRK-βarrestin mediated SRC activation and thereafter promoted the antiviral response. Taken together, BAs facilitate innate antiviral response via TGR5-GRK-β-arrestin-SRC activation.…”
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