Total synchronous fluorescence scan spectra of petroleum products

Patra, Digambara; Mishra, Ashok Kumar

doi:10.1007/s00216-002-1330-y

Cited by 103 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Because of the limited ability as an exact diagnostic tool of conventional fluorescence, advanced and more complex fluorescence techniques such as synchronous excitation [5], fluorescence life time measurement [6], total synchronous fluorescence [7], and low temperature fluorescence [8] have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching fluorescence spectra of oil spills with spectra from suspect sources

2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Fluorescence spectroscopy is ideally suited to the analysis of oil spills as it allows chemical information of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to be acquired quickly, sensitively and selectively. Unlike infrared spectra which have detailed peak information, many fluorescence spectra have only a few broad peaks. Nine different samples of crude and diesel oils were used for testing point-to-point matching across the spectral range. Five of them were discriminated by point-to-point matching algorithms and the other four very similar samples were not. Principal components analysis (PCA) did successfully discriminate among all similar samples. PCA could also distinguish the extent of weathering of different samples, an important factor in matching environmental spills.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching fluorescence spectra of oil spills with spectra from suspect sources

2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Oil degradation was not classified by individual parameters, but an overall change in the condition over time. Similar studies have shown its use for identifying various different products of petrochemicals with similar composition to synthetic lubricants 53 . Figure 17: PCA of data from samples taken at 5000km and 10,000km 52 In Figure 17, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of samples is shown.…”

Section: Direction Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Detailed State of the Art Review for the Different On-Line/In-Line Oil Analysis Techniques in Context of Wind Turbine Gearboxes

Hamilton

Quail

2011

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Wind Turbine Technology

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/28017/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the II. INTRODUCTIONEnsuring reliability in the wind energy industry is often extremely difficult due to the stochastic nature of the resource, the isolated locations where the plants are built and the complex forces which interact in unexpected and damaging ways 1 . These conditions have led to high failure rates for various different components in the turbine with the gearbox being the most problematic for various reasons 2,3 . Figure 1 shows the failure frequency and downtime of different wind turbine components. Whilst the failure rate is lower than most components, the downtime is far greater. The component itself is expensive so repairs or replacements within the operational lifetime will impact the operational economics of the wind turbine. An £800 bearing could fail, leading to the replacement of a £300,000 gearbox with a £50,000 per day hired crane, excluding the costs incurred from downed electricity production 5,6 . These problems will be exacerbated when more wind farms are located offshore 7 due to greater forces, more isolated conditions and increased access costs. One method to improve reliability is to monitor the condition of components in the wind turbine using sensors which measure different variables. Using this data with statistical methods, the current and future condition of components may be accurately assessed 8 . This will allow decisions on when maintenance or replacements occur to be made with a higher degree of certainty. According to McMillan and Ault, it is envisioned that this will reduce failure rates, allow an efficient maintenance regime to be established and reduce overall costs that are incurred due to downed wind turbines 9 . The gearbox is an ideal component to monitor for several reasons. The gearbox is responsible for many of the maintenance costs due to repairs, replacements and turbine downtime.There are many different indicators of its condition, such as abnormal vibrations and acoustic emissions 10,11 . However in a wind turbine nacelle these indicators can be influenced by other components such as the generator and wind loads. It is believed that these factors will reduce the overall accuracy of vibration and acoustic emission analysis. Another majo...

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“…Thus, a simple and narrower spectrum is obtained in SFS compared to conventional fluorescence measurements. This technique has been successfully applied to multi-component analysis (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and petroleum products analysis (13)(14)(15) and also to analyse PAH adducts (16)(17)(18)(19) and for the detection of metabolites of PAHs in human urine (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple luminescence method for estimation of benzo[a]pyrene in a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons without a pre‐separation procedure

Patra

2003

Luminescence

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Benzo[a]pyrene causes cancer at cellular level and is widely present in the environment. Conventional spectroscopic methods for analysis of this compound need a pre-separation procedure due to severe spectral overlap from other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We report a simple method that avoids spectral overlap of benzo[a]pyrene from other impurities or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), thus it can easily identify benzo[a]pyrene in a complex PAH mixture. The method could easily identify benzo[a]pyrene in an 18-component PAH mixture. Calibration plots in methanol solution and in micellar media show a good linearity (R > 0.9997) in the benzo[a]pyrene concentration range generally found in the environment. The method gives a detection limit of 1.52 x 10(-9) mol/L in CTAB micellar medium and 2.55 x 10(-9) mol/L in methanol solution. The proposed method is selective, sensitive and fast. The fluorescence response of benzo[a]pyrene is found to be a potential candidate to sense the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of CTAB micelles.

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Total synchronous fluorescence scan spectra of petroleum products

Cited by 103 publications

References 17 publications

Matching fluorescence spectra of oil spills with spectra from suspect sources

Matching fluorescence spectra of oil spills with spectra from suspect sources

Detailed State of the Art Review for the Different On-Line/In-Line Oil Analysis Techniques in Context of Wind Turbine Gearboxes

Simple luminescence method for estimation of benzo[a]pyrene in a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons without a pre‐separation procedure

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