Total serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's dementia in patients with down syndrome

Airuehia, Efosa; Patel, Ashok Kumar; Haque, Sayeed

doi:10.1002/gps.2014

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Its dysregulated expression in macrophages has been linked to promotion of atherosclerosis, indicating its importance in lipid regulation [24]. Interestingly, hypercholesterolemia and other types of lipid dysregulation have been reported in DS fetuses, and hypercholesterolemia has been proposed as a risk factor for dementia in AD [25,26]. Therefore, it may be that the impact of reduced CEL expression on its immediate pathways leads to lipid dysregulation, contributing to the eventual dementia in DS-affected individuals.…”

Section: Time (Min)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Verification of a biomarker discovery approach for detection of Down syndrome in amniotic fluid via multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay

Cho

Drabovich

Batruch

et al. 2011

Journal of Proteomics

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Section: Time (Min)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Verification of a biomarker discovery approach for detection of Down syndrome in amniotic fluid via multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay

Cho

Drabovich

Batruch

et al. 2011

Journal of Proteomics

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“…Participants with higher total cholesterol levels who used statins during the study had less than half the risk of developing AD than participants with higher total cholesterol levels who did not use statins. In contrast, Prasher et al [] found that hypercholesterolemia was not a risk factor for AD in persons with DS; yet, persons with an ApoE ɛ4 allele were more susceptible to high serum cholesterol levels. As Prasher's study was case‐controlled and Zigman's study was prospective, the results are not directly comparable.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Admentioning

confidence: 93%

Atypical aging in down syndrome

Zigman

2013

Dev Disabil Res Revs

220

187

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At present, there may be over 210,000 people with Down syndrome (DS) over the age of 55 in the United States (US) who have significant needs for augmented services due to circumstances related to ordinary and/or pathological aging. From 1979 through 2003, the birth prevalence of DS rose from 9.0 to 11.8 (31.1%) per 10,000 live births in 10 representative US regions. This increase, largely due to women conceiving after age 35, portends an ever-growing population of people with DS who may be subject to pathogenic aging. Whereas Trisomy 21 is one of the most widespread genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID), it still is one of the least understood of all genetic ID syndromes. While longevity in people with DS has improved appreciably in as modest a period as 30 years, age-specific risk for mortality still is considerably increased compared both with other people with ID or with the typically developing population. The penetrance of the phenotype is widely distributed, even though a consistent genotype is assumed in 95% of the cases. Some, but not all body systems, exhibit signs of premature or accelerated aging. This may be due to both genetic and epigenetic inheritance. We now know that the long-term outcome for people with DS is not as ominous as once contemplated; a number of people with DS are living into their late 60s and 70s with few if any major signs of pathogenic aging. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating disease that robs a person of their memory, abilities and personality, is particularly common in elder adults with DS, but is not a certainty as originally thought, some 20% to 30% of elder adults with DS might never show any, or at most mild signs of AD. DS has been called a mature well-understood syndrome, not in need of further research or science funding. We are only beginning to understand how epigenetics affects the phenotype and it may be feasible in the future to alter the phenotype through epigenetic interventions. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section will review typical and atypical aging patterns in somatic issues in elder adults with DS; the second section will review the multifaceted relationship between AD and DS.

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“…In contrast, in DS, vascular dementia, as well as other vascular pathologies such as infarcts, are uncommon (but see below), perhaps due to an absence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension [ 70 ]. Hypercholesterolemia does not appear to be a risk factor for AD in DS, according to a study of the total serum cholesterol levels of 179 persons with DS [ 71 ]. Nevertheless, prescribed statins (to reduce cholesterol) may be protective [ 72 ], possibly because they have an anti-inflammatory action.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical and Neuropathological Features of Sporadic (Late-Onset) and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer’s Disease

Rujeedawa

Félez

Clare

et al. 2021

JCM

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The purpose of this review is to compare and highlight the clinical and pathological aspects of genetic versus acquired Alzheimer’s disease: Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease in (DSAD) and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) are compared with the late-onset form of the disease (LOAD). DSAD and ADAD present in a younger population and are more likely to manifest with non-amnestic (such as dysexecutive function features) in the prodromal phase or neurological features (such as seizures and paralysis) especially in ADAD. The very large variety of mutations associated with ADAD explains the wider range of phenotypes. In the LOAD, age-associated comorbidities explain many of the phenotypic differences.

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Total serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's dementia in patients with down syndrome

Abstract: Hypercholesterolaemia is not a risk factor for DAD in persons with DS. However, DS persons with an apoE epsilon4 allele are susceptible to high serum cholesterol. Such individuals should be screened on a regular basis.

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Verification of a biomarker discovery approach for detection of Down syndrome in amniotic fluid via multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay

Verification of a biomarker discovery approach for detection of Down syndrome in amniotic fluid via multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay

Atypical aging in down syndrome

The Clinical and Neuropathological Features of Sporadic (Late-Onset) and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer’s Disease

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