Total Resection of a Hemorrhagic Tectal Pilocytic Astrocytoma-Case Report-

Abstract

A 21-year-old man presented with a hemorrhagic pilocytic astrocytoma of the tectal plate manifesting as sudden onset of severe headache, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography demonstrated acute hydrocephalus and hemorrhage within the brain stem and fourth ventricle. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a dorsally exophytic tectal tumor as hypointense on the T 1 -weighted image and hyperintense on the T 2 -weighted image with contrast enhancement. Radical resection of the tumor was selected because of the unusual aggressive clinical course with hemorrhage and suspicion of malignant components. The tumor was totally resected via an occipital transtentorial approach using a neuronavigation system without surgical complications. The histological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. The patient was discharged home without neurological deficits on the 9th postoperative day. Twenty-three months after the surgery, follow-up MR imaging demonstrated no recurrence. Tectal plate pilocytic astrocytoma is rarely associated with hemorrhage but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage with acute presentation. Such exceptional tectal tumors should be resected radically and undergo histological examination to decide on further appropriate treatment.

Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma: Expanding the Imaging Spectrum

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Until recently the rate of hemorrhage in PA was estimated at Ͻ1%. However, a recent retrospective series of 134 patients with a tissue diagnosis of PA found an 8% spontaneous hem- orrhage rate, much higher than that previously reported.…”

Adult Brainstem Gliomas

“…However, some cases of pilocytic astrocytomas have also been described, as well as rare cases of glioblastoma [56,57].…”

Fatal intratumoral hemorrhage in tectal plate glioblastoma multiforme following ventriculoperitoneal shunt

“…However, in some patients with large enhancing tumors or tumors with intratumoral hemorrhage, V-P shunt or ETV followed by tumor resection is mandatory. [567]…”

“…[56] The majority of tectal plate tumors are benign gliomas and only a small percentage is malignant. [567] GBM of the tectal plate is extremely rare and only two previous cases have been reported. [58] Intratumoral hemorrhage in a tectal plate glioma is also extremely unusual.…”

“…[58] Intratumoral hemorrhage in a tectal plate glioma is also extremely unusual. [7] Intratumoral hemorrhage in GBM occurs spontaneously, but it has been reported to develop following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. It can occur immediately or in a delayed fashion following ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt insertion.…”