Total plasma protein level as an indicator of condition in wild American kestrels (<i>Falco sparverius</i>)

Dawson, Russell D.; Bortolotti, Gary R.

doi:10.1139/z97-088

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Total protein in plasma is the most stable component, and few dietary factors have been reported to affect the levels in fish. Plasma total protein is elevated when dietary protein intake increases (Leveille and Sauberlich, 1961) indicating improved physiological condition (Dawson and Bortolotti, 1997). Also, it has been suggested that increased blood protein level is associated with enhanced innate immune response in fish (Wiegertjes et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lee¹

2014

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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A 9-week feeding trial was conducted in low temperature season to evaluate the effects of varying levels of dietary isoleucine on hematology and innate immune response of juvenile olive flounder. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.45 kcal g -1 gross energy) diets containing graded levels of isoleucine (0.48, 0.87, 1.43, 1.94, 2.37 and 2.78% dry diet) were formulated. Triplicate groups of fish (8.59 ± 0.13 g) were fed the six test diets to apparent satiation twice daily. Fish growth performance was affected by dietary isoleucine levels and the highest growth was obtained at 1.43% isoleucine. The results showed the significant (P<0.05) increase of plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations at isoleucine levels of 1.43 -2.37% compared to those offered 0.48% isoleucine. Also, significant reductions in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were detected by increment of dietary isoleucine up to 1.94%. Fish innate immunity was significantly affected by isoleucine levels. Significantly higher lysozyme activity was found at 0.87 -2.37% isoleucine and superoxide dismutase activity increased at 1.94-2.37% isoleucine levels. Respiratory burst activity and total immunoglobulin level were significantly enhanced at isoleucine levels of 1.43-1.94 and 1.94%, respectively. The findings in this study showed that inclusion of approximately 2% isoleucine in diets for olive flounder can enhance innate immunity. To estimate isoleucine requirement of the species further studies are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lee¹

2014

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Totzke et al 1999;Quillfeldt et al 2004). Low levels of total proteins and triglycerides are often characteristic of short periods of food deprivation and covary with size-corrected body mass of birds (Boismenu et al 1992;Dawson and Bortolotti 1997;Guglielmo et al 2005). Also, plasma triglyceride concentrations have been widely used as indicators of mass gain and refuelling performance in shorebirds (Williams et al 1999;Seaman et al 2005).…”

Section: Plasma Protein and Triglyceridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte profiles indicate nutritional, but not moulting stress in a migratory shorebird, the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)

et al. 2017

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The relative ratio of the two main leukocyte types, heterophils (H) and lymphocytes (L), is known to change proportionally to the concentrations of stress hormones in the circulating blood. Thus, analysis of leukocyte profiles serves as a reliable proxy of stress in vertebrates, as high H/L ratios indicate stronger stress response. Moult and migration are among the most energetically demanding and nutritionally stressful processes in the annual cycle of wild birds. Although most birds separate these two activities in time, a moult-migration overlap has been reported for several avian species. The aim of this study was to examine whether overlapping energy requirements of moult and migration produce an increased organismal stress in a shorebird species, the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago). For this purpose, we assessed leukocyte profiles and nutritional condition in more than 350 moulting and non-moulting snipe during autumn migration through central Europe. We found negative correlations between H/L ratios and different measures of condition, including size-corrected body mass, fat load, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total protein. However, no evidence was found for the effect of moult status on H/L ratios. Our study indicates that while migration in a poor nutritional state can be associated with elevated stress response, the process of feather replacement may not constitute a serious stress for migrating Common Snipe. We suggest that these results may help to explain the occurrence of moult-migration overlap in the Common Snipe and possibly in other avian species.

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“…Total plasma protein levels may also become elevated when dietary protein intake increases (Leveille & Sauberlich 1961) and, thus, indicate improved physiological condition in wild birds (Dawson & Bortolotti 1997a). Total plasma protein can vary with sex and breeding stage and typically declines in nestlings as the breeding season progresses (Dawson & Bortolotti 1997a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Fair

Hansen

Ricklefs

1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

114

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Stresses are environmental factors which restrict growth or cause a potentially adverse change in an organism. The exposure of developing organisms to environmental stresses may have several physiological consequences including a decrease in immunocompetence. However, mounting an immune response against a foreign antigen may in itself constitute a cost for developing organisms. This cost has potentially long-term consequences for adult function and ¢tness. This study examines the growth and developmental stability of Japanese quail chicks challenged by three non-pathogenic antigens: sheep red blood cells, which assess T-cell-dependent immune responses, and Mycoplasma synoviae and Newcastle disease virus, which assess T-cell-independent responses. Increases in both body mass and wing length were signi¢cantly reduced in antigen-challenged birds compared to control birds. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the masses of primary feathers increased from the innermost (1) to the outermost (10) position on the wing. In addition, antigen challenge by M. synoviae and sheep red blood cells was associated with an increase in FA. The cell-mediated response measured by reaction to phytohaemagglutinin was signi¢-cantly depressed in M. synoviae-challenged birds. White blood cell counts, except for monocytes, were elevated in response to all three antigen treatments. Total plasma protein and haematocrit also di¡ered between treatments but exhibited no clear relationship to antigen challenge. Immune responses clearly impose a stress on developing chicks. Additional research will be required to determine the long-term consequences of developmental stress and assess the selective forces that in£uence the strength of the immune responses of chicks.

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Total plasma protein level as an indicator of condition in wild American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

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Leukocyte profiles indicate nutritional, but not moulting stress in a migratory shorebird, the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)

Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

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