Total plasma magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium concentrations in type-I and type-II diabetes

Abstract

Glycemia and insulin resistance are important regulators of multiple physiological processes and their dysregulation has wide-ranging consequences, including alterations in plasma concentrations of metal micronutrients. Here, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium and glycated albumin (HbA1c) concentrations and quartile differences were examined in 45 subjects with type-I diabetes (T1DM), 54 subjects with type-II diabetes (T2DM) and 62 control subjects in order to assess potential differences between sexes and between T1DM and T2DM. Plasma magnesium concentration was decreased in T1DM subjects, with the second, third and fourth quartiles of magnesium concentrations associated with the absence of T1DM. This effect was observed in females but not males. In T2DM, the highest quartile of selenium concentrations and the third quartile of copper concentrations associated with the absence of diabetes in males. The highest quartile of magnesium concentrations was associated with the absence of T2DM in males but not females. HbA1c correlated with plasma concentrations of magnesium (negatively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T1DM males), copper (positively, in T1DM males and in both sexes together in T2DM), selenium (positively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T2DM, and T2DM females) and with zinc/copper ratio (negatively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T2DM). This study shows that plasma magnesium concentration is altered to the highest degree in T1DM, while in T2DM, plasma selenium and copper concentrations are significantly affected. This work increases our understanding of how T1DM and T2DM affects plasma metal concentrations and may have future implications for diabetes management.

Coagulatory Defects in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes

“…Metal ions play numerous roles in blood plasma, which include structural and catalytic functions. The plasma concentration of several metal ions is known to be altered in T1DM and T2DM [68]. This is important as many of these are necessary for the normal functioning of proteins involved in coagulation [69][70][71][72][73].…”

“…Magnesium deficiency in humans and animals has been shown to cause hypercoagulability [94]. Magnesium deficiency has been observed in T1DM in both males and females, although the effect is more pronounced in females [68]. Magnesium deficiency in T1DM has been associated with delayed fibrinolysis and a higher thrombotic risk [39].…”

“…Individuals with T2DM are also at risk of magnesium deficiency and may therefore be affected by a similar mechanism [95]. Bad glycaemic control is associated with magnesium deficiency, as it reduces the tubular reabsorption of magnesium [68].…”

Ernährung bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

“…Es fehlen signifikante Ergebnisse für evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen bezüglich der Zinkaufnahme bei T2DM [6] [9].…”

“…Dabei hatten hohe Selen-und Kupferwerte einen höheren HbA 1c -Spiegel zur Folge. Ursächlich dafür könnte unter anderem eine Störung der Insulinsignalkaskade durch insulinähnliche Wirkungen von Selenoproteinen sein [9] [11].…”