Total phenolics and high-performance liquid chromatography of phenolic acids of avocado

Torres, Andrew M.; Mau-Lastovicka, Terry; Rezaaiyan, Ruhi

doi:10.1021/jf00078a018

Cited by 88 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A few studies have focused on the phytochemical composition of P. Americana (Torres et al, 1987). P. americana leaves have been reported to possess antiinflammatory (Adeyemi et al, 2002), antifungal (Prusky et al, 1991) and antibacterial activities (Gomez-Flores, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Persea americana Mill cultivated in Ghana

Boadi¹,

Saah²,

Mensah³

et al. 2015

J. Med. Plants Res.

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The leaves of Persea americana are widely used for ethno-medicinal purposes worldwide. This study assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether leaves extracts of P. americana. Extracts displayed variable antimicrobial activities that were microorganism-specific. The methanolic extract displayed the most potent antimicrobial activities with the largest zones of inhibition (0-1.8 mm) in the agar diffusion assay and with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the broth dilution assay against a panel of microorganisms that included Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant potential with the lowest EC 50 of 4.15x10 -30 g/ml for the peroxide radical scavenging activities. The data supports the ethnomedicinal use of the leaves of P. americana for the management of infections and for other symptoms whose etiology may be linked to oxidative stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Persea americana Mill cultivated in Ghana

Boadi¹,

Saah²,

Mensah³

et al. 2015

J. Med. Plants Res.

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“…Phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu protocol as described by Torres et al (1987). The analyses were done in triplicates using gallic acid as a standard.…”

Section: Quantification Of Phenolics and Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of total phenolics was calculated in mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry seed material. For the determination of flavonoids, 500 µl of phenolic extracts was analysed using a protocol by Torres et al (1987). Total flavonoids were determined as catechin equivalent from the calibration curve of catechin standard solutions and expressed as mg catechin equivalents/g seed material.…”

Section: Quantification Of Phenolics and Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the chemical compositions of indigenous watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds from two districts in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Emmanuel¹,

Phatlane²,

Mangena³

2018

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Seeds from different indigenous watermelons were analysed for their chemical composition such as phenolics, proteins, oils, minerals, ash and fibre content as well as antioxidant activity measured in methanol extract using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The morphological variations of watermelons, which revealed diversity in terms of fruit and seed colour were also assessed. Average percentages for lipid content, total proteins, crude fibre, ash and total carbohydrates as 34.4, 16.5, 23.1, 3.99, and 3.16%, respectively, were recorded for Capricorn district and 31.6, 14.9, 22.0, 4.58, and 5.26% were recorded for Sekhukhune landraces. The Capricorn landraces had higher content of flavonoids (0.222 mg/g) than Sekhukhune varieties (0.130 mg/g). But, landraces from Sekhukhune had higher antioxidant activity (46.5%) which corresponded to higher total phenolic content of 0.59 mg/g. Thus, suggest that watermelon seeds may serve as potential source of natural products for food, feed and pharmaceutical applications.

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“…The phenolics found were p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, βresorcyclic, γ-resorcyclic, α-resorcyclic, gallic, isovanillic, vanillic, syringic, o-coumaric, m-coumaric, pcoumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids. (21) Work by Golukcu1 and Feramuz Ozdemir (22) on "Bacon", "Zutano", "Fuerte", and "Hass" indicated that protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and rutin were the main phenolic compounds. Although differences were noted in the phenolic composition of the fruit the general trend was that o-coumaric acid and rutin contents increased from the first to the second harvesting period (between January and February) and decreased from the second to the third harvesting period (between February and March).…”

Section: Fruit Nutritional Composition and Aroma Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado Fruit Quality Management during the Postharvest Supply Chain

Bill¹,

Sivakumar²,

Thompson³

et al. 2014

Food Reviews International

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Avocados are a popular subtropical fruit of high economic importance and the European Union is the biggest importer of the bulk of the fruit coming from countries like South Africa, Chile and Israel. The fruit is highly nutritious being rich in vitamins A, B, C, minerals, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and antioxidants10%. The Guatemalan is native to the Guatemalan highland and has medium round fruit with an oil content of 8 to 15% and a leathery, pliable and non-granular ski n. The tree is less cold tolerant than the Mexican. The Mexican race thrives best in the subtropics and has the smallest fruit of the three races, with a thin skin and the highest oil of up to 30%. (2) The tree is most tolerant of cold growing conditions. Chen et al. (3) confirmed that the substantial genetic differentiation among the three ecological races corresponded to the defined horticultural races, but they also reported that the previously undetected genetic differentiation has two subpopulations from Central Mexico. Many cultivars are hybrids between the races. "Hass" (a Guatemalan x Mexican hybrid) is considered to be the most dominantly grown cultivar in the subtropics (4) and is recognised as the best overall quality avocado available. The fruit weighs between 140 to 400 g with medium to thick skin, leathery, coarse corky in texture and it turns purplish black when ripe. Other popular cultivars include "Fuerte" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid), "Bacon" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid), Pinkerton (a Guatemala hybrid), "Edranol"(a Guatemala hybrid), "Ryan" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid", "Ettinger" (predominantly Mexican) and "Fuchs" (West Indian). (4) The fruit characteristics of the above mentioned cultivars are shown in Table 1. Physical properties of avocadoThe fruit (berry) is pear-shaped, oval or round with a short neck. Fruit length can vary from 7.7 cm to 33 cm and its width can be up to 15 cm. The skin color of the fruit can vary from yellowish green, dark green or reddish-purple, to dark purple (almost black). The edible portion of the fruit, that is, its flesh or pulp can be pale to bright yellow in color and the fruit flavor is described as a buttery or nut-like flavor. Its single seed is situated at the center of the fruit and 3 Table 1 Fruit characteristics of different avocado cultivars a a Source: Whiley et al. (4) the shape of the seed can be oval, round or oblong and generally the length of the seed is around 5 to 6.5 cm long, but may be smaller. The seed is covered by a thin brown seed coat that adheres to the seed cavity. (4) Avocado production and trade European markets. In the EU, the Netherlands and France as well as the UK are the major avocado importing countries. Although the "Fuerte" cultivar displays a green skin color after ripening and is well known in the European markets, the "Hass" cultivar currently dominates the international trade market due to its longer shelf life, large fruit size and its higher consumer acceptance due to its rich nut-like flavor. (11,12) "Hass" is the dominant and m...

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Total phenolics and high-performance liquid chromatography of phenolic acids of avocado

Cited by 88 publications

References 14 publications

Phytoconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Persea americana Mill cultivated in Ghana

Phytoconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Persea americana Mill cultivated in Ghana

Comparative analysis of the chemical compositions of indigenous watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds from two districts in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Avocado Fruit Quality Management during the Postharvest Supply Chain

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