Total Occlusion of the Common Carotid Artery: A Modified Classification and its Relation to Clinical Status

Parthenis, Dimitrios G.; Kardoulas, D.; Ioannou, Christos V.; Antoniadis, Pavlos; Kafetzakis, Alexandros; Angelidou, Konstantia I.; Katsamouris, Asterios

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.015

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Type II occlusion, the ICA is supplied by collateral blood flow via extra cranial branches through the retrograde external carotid artery. [2,3,4].…”

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] proposed the following detailed classifications: Type I: isolated CCA obstruction with patent distal vessels; Type Ia: flow direction from the ECA to ICA; Type Ib: flow direction from the ICA to ECA; Types II and III: isolated patency of the ECA and ICA; and Type IV: concomitant occlusion of both distal vessels. We did determine this case with patent distal vessels presenting with a flow direction from collaterals to ECA.…”

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, noninvasive duplex sonography, CT angiography, and MR angiography have partially replaced arteriography in daily diagnostication practice. The accuracy of duplex sonography should be much higher in the diagnosis of CCA obstruction compared to ICA occlusion due to accessibility of the CCA [3,8,9,10]. Arteriography has several limitations in cases of completely occluded CCA because of inadequate concentrations of contrast medium, variable collateral circulation, minimal flow in the distal branches, and poor delayed images [11,12 ,].…”

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Complete Occlusion of Common Carotid Artery- A Case Report

2016

IJSR

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This case report describes imaging in a patient with a complete occlusion of left common carotid artery after automobile accident. There were associated findings of collaterals that supply the pattern distal ipsilateral arteries. There were found no sign of stroke. The girl was suffering problems of loose of hearing from right ear and partial facial nerve paralyzes. No specific treatment was applied to this patient except the continuing follow -up.

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“…In Type II occlusion, the ICA is supplied by collateral blood flow via extra cranial branches through the retrograde external carotid artery. [2,3,4].…”

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Complete Occlusion of Common Carotid Artery- A Case Report

2016

IJSR

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“…Parthenis et al reported a 0.54% prevalence of CCAO and 2.8% of ICAO based on a large ultrasonographic database of 6415 cases [11]. Chang reported a 0.24% prevalence of CCAO and 2.5% of ICAO [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] proposed the following detailed classifications: Type I: isolated CCAO with patent distal vessels; Type Ia: flow direction from the ECA to ICA; Type Ib: flow direction from the ICA to ECA; Types II and III: isolated patency of the ECA and ICA; and Type IV: concomitant occlusion of both distal vessels. According to this classification, the majority of the cases in this study can be categorised in Type Ia and Type IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Case Series

Bajkó¹,

Bălaşa²,

Moţăţăianu³

et al. 2013

ISRN Neurology

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Subjects and Methods. We analysed 5000 cerebrovascular ultrasound records. A total of 0.4% of the patients had common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Results. The mean age was 59.8 ± 14.2 years, and the male/female ratio was 2.33. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Right-sided and left-sided CCAO occurred in 65% and 30% of the cases, respectively, and bilateral occlusion was detected in one case (5%). Patent bifurcation was observed in 10 cases of CCAO in which the anterograde flow in the ICA was maintained from the external carotid artery with reversed flow. In two of the cases, the occluded CCA was hypoplastic. The aetiology of CCAO in the majority of cases was the atherosclerosis (15 cases). The male/female ratio was higher in the patients with occluded distal vessels, and the short-term outcome was poorer. Only two cases from this series underwent revascularisation surgery. Spontaneous recanalisation was observed in one case. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of CCAO was atherosclerosis. The outcome is improved in the cases with patent distal vessels, and spontaneous recanalisation is possible. Treatment methods have not been standardised. Surgical revascularisation is possible in cases of patent distal vessels, but the indications are debatable.

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