“…Therefore, CFPS systems have recently attracted considerable attention as a robust approach for the production of various proteins, for example, membrane proteins (Henrich et al, 2015;Sonnabend et al, 2017), therapeutic proteins (Min et al, 2016;Wilding et al, 2019), unnatural amino acid modified proteins (Martin et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2019), and difficult-to-express proteins (Li et al, 2016;Jin and Hong, 2018). With the advances of synthetic biology, CFPS technology has also been used to construct protein-based biosensors (Pardee et al, 2016;Thavarajah et al, 2020), metabolic pathways (Goering et al, 2017;Zhuang et al, 2020), high-throughput screening platforms (Sawasaki et al, 2002;Swank et al, 2019), bottom-up synthetic cells (Karzbrun et al, 2014;van Nies et al, 2018), and classroom education kits (Huang et al, 2018;Stark et al, 2018), among others.…”