Total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with periodontitis (stage III): a case–control study

The association between vitamin D binding protein levels and periodontal status: A systematic review

“…Based on the NOS, studies with scores ranging from 6 to 9 were categorised as having good to high quality, indicating the overall quality of 6 of the 7 included case control studies was considered favourable. [19][20][21][22][23][24] However, the one study which received a total score of 4 points, 25 was deemed fair quality.…”

“…Of the 8 studies which fulfilled the inclusion criteria for our review, 7 were the case-control studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and 1 was cross-sectional. 9 Study characteristics are summarised in Table 3.…”

“…The oldest article used was published in 1986, 25 and the most recent in 2023. 24 The articles were conducted in 5 different countries, one being in India, 9 two in Pakistan, 19,20 three in China, [21][22][23] one in Turkey, 24 and one in the USA. 25 The samples of DBP were collected from different areas, four studies collected serum DBP, 9,19,20,24 two studies collected DBP from GCF, 9,22 two studies collected DBP from plasma, 22,23 one study analysed DBP from whole saliva, 25 and one study analysed DBP from unstimulated saliva.…”

“…24 The articles were conducted in 5 different countries, one being in India, 9 two in Pakistan, 19,20 three in China, [21][22][23] one in Turkey, 24 and one in the USA. 25 The samples of DBP were collected from different areas, four studies collected serum DBP, 9,19,20,24 two studies collected DBP from GCF, 9,22 two studies collected DBP from plasma, 22,23 one study analysed DBP from whole saliva, 25 and one study analysed DBP from unstimulated saliva. 21 The majority of the clinical studies which examined the relationship between DBP levels and periodontal status demonstrated a higher mean concentration of DBP levels in periodontitis subjects when compared with the periodontally healthy subjects (Table 3).…”

“…21 The majority of the clinical studies which examined the relationship between DBP levels and periodontal status demonstrated a higher mean concentration of DBP levels in periodontitis subjects when compared with the periodontally healthy subjects (Table 3). 9,19,21,23,24 This was the case regardless of the sample used to determine the concentration of DBP. For example, one study 9 found that the group of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of severe chronic generalised periodontitis had a statistically significant higher mean serum and GCF concentration of DBP compared to the control group.…”