Total fertility rate, women's education, and women's work: What are the relationships?

McClamroch, Kristi

doi:10.1007/bf02208410

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The female employment rate (control variable) was measured using the female labor force participation rate (% of female population ages 15 and above) modeled based on the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimations. Female employment and fertility have long been closely linked (Emara, 2016;McClamroch, 1996;Oshio, 2019;Rindfuss, Guzzo, & Morgan, 2003). Becker (1981) argued that the increasing role of women in the labor market is expected to raise the opportunity cost of childbearing and thereby reduce fertility; hence, a negative relationship exists between female employment and fertility, which is corroborated in Kögel's (2004) study, which examined fertility and female employment in OECD countries for 1960-2000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Female Education and Total Fertility Rate, and the Role of Paid Leave Entitlements Available to Mothers

Kim

2020

JPSS

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The present study examined the relationship between women's education and the total fertility rate from 1995 to 2010, based on data obtained from 140 countries, and how paid leave entitlements available to mothers moderate this relationship. Two-way fixed effects modeling was used. The findings revealed that there was a negative relationship between average years of female schooling and total fertility rates, however the relationship was significantly moderated if the country had generous paid leave. Results showed that if a country had 26 or more weeks of paid leave, the negative relationship between female education and the total fertility rate disappeared while controlling for GDP per capita, under-five mortality, and female employment. Findings from this study provide valuable information for policymakers concerned with decreasing fertility, and development of policies that support mothers who want to continue their careers while taking care for their children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Female Education and Total Fertility Rate, and the Role of Paid Leave Entitlements Available to Mothers

Kim

2020

JPSS

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“…Education exposes females to "birth control-friendly, understanding attitudes and procedures" that would allow females to have their required amount of kids. Mcclamroch also indicates that increased labor involvement by decreasing women's reliance on males and kids provides women "alternative sources of social identity and financial support" (Mcclamroch, 1996).…”

Section: Why Women Education Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Education: Women and Teaching Profession in Ghana

Wang

Samba

2019

IJSSES

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Feminist theorists raise questions about hypotheses that are still common in the teaching fields that consist mostly of women. Education is a force that allows women to have expanded choices in the approach to capabilities and The World Bank is promoting education for women as it contributes to human capital. The purpose of this paper is to discuss women education, the teaching profession, and feminization of teaching in Ghana. It highlights and analyze why women are concerned about education, aspects of women's education in Ghana, and why women are interested in teaching. Findings indicated that Ghanaian women are into teaching because of numerous reasons but a few of them include, the acceptance in the teaching profession i.e. they feel accepted and there is no discrimination. In addition, there is job security in the profession.

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“…Dixon-Muetler also suggests that increased labor participation gives women "alternative sources of social identity and economic support [thereby reducing] women's dependence on men and children" (Dixon-Mueller, 1993, pp. 121-123)" 40 .…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of the Problems faced by Karachi and Pakistan due to the rapid population growth of the city

Khan¹,

Khan²

2016

JHSS

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Karachi is one of the fastest growing city in the world. Since the independence of Pakistan, Karachi has emerged as a mega polis catering to the largest population in all across the country. Karachi has earned the reputation of melting pot of all ethnic shades of Pakistan. The city also serves as the financial capital of Pakistan. All banks, financial institutions, national and international organizations have their headquarters in Karachi. It also has the highest literacy rate in Pakistan. However all this was not achieved without a cost. Due to its development more and more people from all across Pakistan still want to make Karachi their destination for fulfilment of their dreams. This constant migration into the city has made it the most unmanageable city of Pakistan too. The authorities fail to provide services to its citizens on the pretext of lack of funding and incapacity. This study focuses on the issues faced by Karachi and indirectly by Pakistan due to the ever increasing size and population of the city. The study also highlights the reasons for the various problems of the city and the impediments towards addressing them.

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Total fertility rate, women's education, and women's work: What are the relationships?

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

The Relationship between Female Education and Total Fertility Rate, and the Role of Paid Leave Entitlements Available to Mothers

The Relationship between Female Education and Total Fertility Rate, and the Role of Paid Leave Entitlements Available to Mothers

Women Education: Women and Teaching Profession in Ghana

An assessment of the Problems faced by Karachi and Pakistan due to the rapid population growth of the city

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