Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotorny in J the cat

Abstract

Eighteen total ear canal ablations combined with lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA/LBO) procedures were performed in 15 cats over a period of 30 months. The indications for surgery included neoplastic disease, ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma of the horizontal canal or middle ear (10 ears), squamous cell carcinoma extending from the pinna (four), polyps emanating from the middle ear (three), and chronic unremitting middle ear disease (one). Complications associated with surgery included facial paralysis (seven cases), facial neuropraxia (four), Horner's syndrome (three), and wound dehiscion (one). Eleven cats were alive and disease‐free six months after the surgery. The results indicate that the major indication for TECA/LBO in the cat is neoplastic disease involving the ear. Unlike the procedure in the dog, for which the usual indication is benign end‐stage ear disease, neurological complications are common despite meticulous surgical dissections. In addition, the postoperative prognosis is guarded because of malignant disease in many cases.

Morphological aspects of tympanic bulla after lateral osteotomy in cats

“…Retrospective clinical reports of lateral bulla osteotomy have not made mention of the prevalence of inner ear damage. [1][2][3] The facial nerve was easily identified coursing along the caudolateral surface of the cartilaginous external …”

“…Drooping of the lip is a clinical sign cited by the literature but it was not observed in our experiment. 1,14,15 In the clinical report of 15 cats submitted to TECA/LBO, Williams and White 1 verified 4 cases of facial neuropraxia and 7 cases of facial paralysis. In this group, 11 cats had ear neoplastic disease, 3 had polyps and one showed chronic middle ear otitis.…”

“…[1][2][3] Horner's syndrome, classically presenting with miosis, prolapse of the third eyelid and ptosis of the eyelid, is a result of direct damage to the postganglionic sympathetic fibers coursing to the eyes and eyelids where they pass through the tympanic cavity. 8,[11][12][13] No cats in our study showed clinical signs of Horner's syndrome, possibly acoustic meatus.…”

“…[1][2][3] The most common ear tumors in these animals are ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The tympanic bulla in cats is divided into a dorsolateral and a ventromedial compartment by an incomplete septum in the caudomedial aspect of the smaller compartment that allows communication between the cavities.…”

“…[1][2][3] The most common ear tumors in these animals are ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The tympanic bulla in cats is divided into a dorsolateral and a ventromedial compartment by an incomplete septum in the caudomedial aspect of the smaller compartment that allows communication between the cavities. Thus, when lateral bulla osteotomy is performed, part of this septum must be removed for proper curettage and drainage of both compartments, and the surgeon has to avoid injuries to the structures of hearing and balance or to the nerve tracts that cross the middle ear.…”