Total Dust, Coal, Free Silica, and Trace Metal Concentrations in Bituminous Coal Miners' Lungs

Carlberg, John R.; Crable, John V.; Limtiaca, Leonard P.; Norris, Harold B; Holtz, John L.; Patrícia,; Mauer,; Wolowicz, F. R.

doi:10.1080/0002889718506485

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…By studying the ability of different coals to catalyze the generation of •OH from H 2 O 2 , Dalal et al, (1995) found that the potential to induce •OH formation and lipid peroxidation by the coal dusts exhibits a good correlation with the available surface iron (Dalal et al, 1995). The leachable Ni 2+ content of coal dust was proposed to be an additional cytotoxic parameter (Carlberg et al, 1971;Sichletidis et al, 2004). Using a system mimicking phagolysosomes, it was found that besides Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Ca 2+ , trace amounts of Ni, Cu, and As were released in proportion to the CWP prevalence among three coal mine regions of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Utah .…”

Section: Transition Metalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent increases in oil price further strengthen the argument that coal and coal products will play an increasingly important role in fulfilling the energy needs of our society. Coal is an aggregate of heterogeneous substances composed of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals) materials. The objective of this review was to assess whether some chemical parameters in coal play a role in producing environmental health problems. Basic properties of coal--such as chemical forms of the organic materials, structure, compositions of minerals--vary from one coal mine region to another as well as from coals of different ranks. Most importantly, changes in chemical properties of coals due to exposure to air and humidity after mining--a dynamic process--significantly affect toxicity attributed to coal and environmental fate. Although coal is an extremely complex and heterogeneous material, the fundamental properties of coal responsible for environmental and adverse health problems are probably related to the same inducing components of coal. For instance, oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the coal forms iron sulfate and sulfuric acid, which produces occupational lung diseases (e.g., pneumoconiosis) and other environmental problems (e.g., acid mine drainage and acid rain). Calcite (CaCO3) contained in certain coals alters the end products of pyrite oxidation, which may make these coals less toxic to human inhalation and less hazardous to environmental pollution. Finally, knowledge gained on understanding of the chemical properties of coals is illustrated to apply for prediction of toxicity due to coal possibly before large-scale mining and prevention of occupational lung disease during mining.

show abstract

Section: Transition Metalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Huang

Finkelman

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No such variations were described for NFMP in lung tissue (29,31), except in a study of bituminous coal miners, lungs where higher concentrations of particles in the upper left lobe were reported. However, the right lung was not studied and the degree of significance was not indicated (32). No study has assessed such topographic variations in the recovery of BALF particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopersistence of nonfibrous mineral particles in the respiratory tracts of subjects following occupational exposure.

Pairon

Billon-Galland

Iwatsubo

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEMA) was used to analyze the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 262 subjects occupationally exposed (OE) to nonfibrous mineral particles (NFMP) and 42 controls not occupationally exposed to mineral dusts. OE subjects were divided into three groups according to the lapse of time since last exposure: <1 year (El), >1 year and <10 years (E2), .10 years (E3). The total BALF mineral particle concentration was significantly higher in OE patients than in controls and was closely related to the time lapse since last exposure to NFMP (median values for OE, 7.7x105 particles/ml; El, 9x105 particles/ml; E2, 5x105 particles/ml; E3, 4.3x105 particles/ml; controls, 2x105 particles/ml). No statistical difference was observed for age and smoking habits between OE and control subjects. Concentrations of crystalline silica and metals (exogenous iron, aluminum, metallic alloys and other metals) were significantly higher in OE subjects than in controls, and even though these mineral concentrations decreased with increasing time since last occupational exposure, they still remained higher in the E3 group than in controls. Crystalline silica and metals were thus identified as biopersistent NFMP in the human lung using BALF ATEM method. This method is a useful tool in assessing occupational exposure to NFMP, even when a long period has elapsed since last exposure, and may be used in studying etiology of some respiratory diseases. -Environ Health Perspect 1 02(Suppl 5): 269-275 (1994)

show abstract

“…17 These individuals represent a subset of approximately 700 miners who were autopsied at Beckley Appalachian Regional Hospital in Beckley, West Virginia by the late Werner Laqueur, M.D. 16 Pneumoconiosis disease type and severity were determined using whole lung serial sections.…”

Section: Coal Miner Lung Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Human and Rodent Lung Dosimetry Models for Particle Clearance and Retention

Kuempel

2000

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interspecies dierences in the kinetics and/or mechanisms of particle retention can in¯uence the amount and location of particle retention in the lungs, which can also in¯uence the tissue response to a given particle burden. Dosimetric models may be used to adjust for dierences in the exposure-dose relationships in dierent species, thus allowing for comparison of lung responses at equivalent doses. Although the rat is one of the most frequently used animal models for assessing the risk of exposures to hazardous substances in humans, few data are available for comparison of human and animal responses to inhaled particles. A biologically-based human dosimetric lung model was developed to describe the fate of respirable particles in the lungs of humans, using data from U.S. coal miners and assumptions about the overloading of alveolar 203

show abstract

Total Dust, Coal, Free Silica, and Trace Metal Concentrations in Bituminous Coal Miners' Lungs

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Macerals and Minerals in Coal and its Potential Application for Occupational Lung Disease Prevention

Biopersistence of nonfibrous mineral particles in the respiratory tracts of subjects following occupational exposure.

Comparison of Human and Rodent Lung Dosimetry Models for Particle Clearance and Retention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About