Total Cost of Ownership Based Economic Analysis of Diesel, CNG and Electric Bus Concepts for the Public Transport in Istanbul City

Abstract

As across the world, in Turkey, several studies have been carried out by local government to use sustainable and 100% zero-emission public transport following increased public awareness. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) due to transportation systems in the world make it necessary to establish “zero-emission sustainable transportation systems” in Turkey. In this study, an economic analysis based on actual field data is presented for Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnel General Management (IETT) to seek the suitability of an electric bus concept for Istanbul conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic model based on the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) from well to wheel has been proposed for the three groups of transportation, namely diesel, CNG (compressed natural gas) and electric buses. The data source used in the proposed approach is created by performing actual field performance tests for diesel, CNG and electric buses under real Istanbul road, time, and trip conditions. Afterwards, the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PB) methods considering TCO values and updated unit prices are carried out for the investment versus profitability analyses to compare the different public bus concepts. The results show that the electric bus concept with a charging station depot achieving sustainable and zero-emission goals will be the driving force to advance the electric bus concept for Istanbul Public Transport.

System Perspective on Biogas Use for Transport and Electricity Production

“…With a linear calculation, energy use for the entire bus fleet becomes 1.4 kWh/km. This energy use is consistent with other sources, see for example [20][21][22].…”

Replacing Diesel Buses with Electric Buses for Sustainable Public Transportation and Reduction of CO₂ Emissions

“…Topal et al [15] highlight that the increased pollutant emissions from classical road transport systems requires the development of sustainable transport systems with zero local pollutant emissions.…”

“…Topal et al [15] proposed a new approach called the zero-emission bus purchase and operation model (ZEBusPOM) to move from the classical polluting public transport system to a sustainable system with zero local pollutant emissions according to the following algorithm: 1. Monitor the real-time operation of diesel/electric buses in urban traffic after a predetermined schedule, with passengers, under hot/cold weather conditions.…”

Comparative Study of Powertrain Hybridization for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Equipped with Diesel and Gas Engines

“…The fuel economy of powertrains, which use different kinds of fuels, cannot be compared directly. One can evaluate the energy content of the consumed fuel [15], or the CO 2 emissions of compared vehicles [12,15], or the economic aspect, i.e., fuel price [12,15,16]. This work employed another approach stemming from the goal of hybridization, namely to reduce the fuel consumption relative to the baseline powertrain.…”