Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in Young Children

McMillan, I. K. R.; Johnson, Alan M.; Machell, E. S.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5431.348

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In these early reports important observations were made. McMillan in 1965 [44] noted that patients whose VSD was closed primarily had a high incidence of heart block and death. He subsequently changed to patch closure of VSD.…”

Section: Surgical Treatment: the Modern Era 1970–presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetralogy of Fallot: Yesterday and Today

Starr

2009

World j. surg.

125

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cyanotic congenital cardiac defect that was first described by Stenson in 1672 and later named for Fallot, who in 1888 described it as a single pathological process responsible for (1) pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, (2) ventricular septal defect (VSD), (3) overriding aortic root, and (4) right ventricular hypertrophy. The surgical history of TOF began with the development of the systemic to pulmonary artery shunt (BT shunt) by Blalock, Taussig, and Thomas in 1944. Ten years later complete repair of TOF was performed by Lillehei using cross-circulation and by Kirklin with a primitive cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Notable contributions by several other surgeons including Bahnson, Ebert, Malm, Trusler, Barratt-Boyes, and Castaneda would lead us into the modern era of surgery. Today, complete repair of TOF is performed before six months of age with low mortality (<2%). In select cases a modified version of the BT shunt is still performed as the initial procedure. Long-term survival rates are excellent (85%-90%). Adult survivors with TOF are an ever-increasing population and may require reintervention, surgically or catheter based. Promising future innovations include percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement, tissue-engineered autologous valves and conduits, and genetic manipulation. This article presents a review of TOF, including the history of surgical treatment, present-day approaches, and long-term outcomes.

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Section: Surgical Treatment: the Modern Era 1970–presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up until the 1970s very few surgeons were performing complete repair of TOF in children younger than 3–5 years of age. The results were variable, with early mortality rates of 5%–14% [36, 44, 45]. In these early reports important observations were made.…”

Section: Surgical Treatment: the Modern Era 1970–presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetralogy of Fallot: Yesterday and Today

Starr

2009

World j. surg.

125

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“…Physicists have succeeded in manufacturing a few elements beyond uranium in the laboratory. The first identification of a transuranium element was by McMillan andAbelson 159 in 1940. In 1999, the group at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, reported their success in producing elements with Z = 114, as well as Z = 115, 116, and 117, by shooting calcium nuclei at a plutonium target.…”

Section: The Elements Above Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of the Elements

Shaviv¹

2012

Astrophysics and Space Science Library

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“…However, the recent successful total intracardiac correction in an infant with transposition of the great vessels, utilising surface cooling and circulatory arrest, is stimulating (Dillard et al, 1967). McMillan, Johnson, and Machell (1965) have reported 11 survivors of 14 infants and children from 10 months to 4 years and 7 months of age in whom total correction of the tetralogy was performed under conditions of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest achieved with the pump-oxygenator (modified Drew technique). Similarly, Dobell and Charrett (1967) have reported on successful, primary intracardiac repair of symptomatic infants and children with tetralogy of Fallot.…”

Section: Influence On Mortality Of the Extent Of Outflowmentioning

confidence: 99%