Total cholesterol and all-cause mortality by sex and age: a prospective cohort study among 12.8 million adults

Yi, Sang‐Wook; Yi, Jee‐Jeon; Ohrr, Heechoul

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38461-y

Cited by 90 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At first, the concentration of Chol was quantified by a well-recognized enzyme-based colorimetric method using a commercial kit by following the protocol supplied with kit ( Supplementary Figure 8). As found in Figure 4B, total Chol from the extraction of original serum was quantified to be 4.19 ± 0.2 mM, which is reasonable because the normal concentration from healthy people is usually between 3.5 and 5.17 mM (Lai et al, 2015;Yi et al, 2019). The Chol concentration from the sample was determined to be 4.48 ± 0.61 mM through the chemical luminescence method.…”

Section: Chol Detectionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Ligand Replacement Strategy for Chemical Luminescence Determination of Cholesterol

Peng

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Determination of serum cholesterol (Chol) is important for disease diagnosis, and has attracted great attention during the last few decades. Herein, a new magnetic nanoparticle-based ligand replacement strategy has been presented for chemical luminescence detection of Chol. The detection depends on ligand replacement from ferrocene (Fc) to Chol through a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)–based host–guest interaction, which releases Fc–Hemin as a catalyst for the luminol/hydrogen peroxide chemical luminescence system. More importantly, the luminescence signal can be captured by the camera of a smartphone, thus realizing Chol detection with less instrument dependency. The limit of detection of this method is calculated to be 0.18 μM, which is comparable to some of the developed methods. Moreover, this method has been used successfully to quantify Chol from serum samples with a simple extraction process.

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Section: Chol Detectionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Ligand Replacement Strategy for Chemical Luminescence Determination of Cholesterol

Peng

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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“…Higher serum TC and LDL-C have been reported to be associated with a higher incidence of [47]. At the age of 18-34 years, each 1 mmol/L higher TC increased mortality by 14% [48]. High levels of TC and LDL-C occurred in female adolescents in recent years [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Living High-Training Low and High on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Females

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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This study examined the effects of 4 weeks of living high-training low and high (LHTLH) under moderate hypoxia on body weight, body composition, and metabolic risk markers of overweight and obese females. Nineteen healthy overweight or obese females participated in this study. Participants were assigned to the normoxic training group (NG) or the LHTLH group (HG). The NG participants lived and trained at sea level. The HG participants stayed for approximately 10 hours in a simulated 2300 m normobaric state of hypoxia for six days a week and trained for 2 hours 3 times a week under the same simulated hypoxia. The interventions lasted for 4 weeks. All groups underwent dietary restriction based on resting metabolic rate. The heart rate of the participants was monitored every ten minutes during exercise to ensure that the intensity was in the aerobic range. Compared with the preintervention values, body weight decreased significantly in both the NG and the HG (−8.81 ± 2.09% and −9.09 ± 1.15%, respectively). The fat mass of the arm, leg, trunk, and whole body showed significant reductions in both the NG and the HG, but no significant interaction effect was observed. The percentage of lean soft tissue mass loss in the total body weight loss tended to be lower in the HG (27.61% versus 15.94%, P=0.085). Between the NG and the HG, significant interaction effects of serum total cholesterol (−12.66 ± 9.09% versus −0.05 ± 13.36%,) and apolipoprotein A1 (−13.66 ± 3.61% versus −5.32 ± 11.07%, P=0.042) were observed. A slight increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed in the HG (1.12 ± 12.34%) but a decrease was observed in the NG (−11.36 ± 18.91%). The interaction effect of HDL-C between NG and HG exhibited a significant trend (P=0.055). No added effects on serum triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or APO-B were observed after 4 weeks of LHTLH. In conclusion, 4 weeks of LHTLH combined with dietary restriction could effectively reduce the body weight and body fat mass of overweight and obese females. Compared with training and sleeping under normoxia, no additive benefit of LHTLH on the loss of body weight and body fat mass was exhibited. However, LHTLH may help to relieve the loss of lean soft tissue mass and serum HDL-C.

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“…However, ndings from previous studies have been inconsistent. Varied association shapes for TC versus all-cause mortality were obtained, including positive linear, U-curve, reverse-L-curve (or reverse-J-curve), and negative associations [15,21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose-dependent association of total cholesterol with all-cause and specific mortality: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

He¹,

Liu²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The link between total cholesterol (TC) and all-cause and specific mortality has not been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TC levels on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.Methods: All data analyzed were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. The relationship between levels of TC and mortality was determined through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with multivariable adjustments. Two-piecewise linear regression model and Cox models with penalized splines were applied to explore non-linear and irregular shape relationships. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and subgroup analyses were conducted.Results: The sample studied comprised 17853 men and 18922 women, categorized as 27927 adults aged 18–65 years and 8848 adults more than 65 years old. A total of 4441 deaths were recorded. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality showed U-curve associations with nadir at 213 mg/dL, 200 mg/dL, and 218mg/dL after adjusting for confounding variables in the restricted cubic spline analysis. HRs of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality was particularly negatively related to TC levels in the lower range <200 mg/dL, especially in the range <120 mg/dL (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.59, 2.38, HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.16, 2.72, HR 2.18; 95% CI 1.46, 3.25, respectively). The lowest cumulative survival rate was recorded in the lowest TC level group.Conclusions: A U-curve association of TC level with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality in the American population was observed, suggesting that too low or too high serum total cholesterol levels might correlate with adverse outcomes.

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Total cholesterol and all-cause mortality by sex and age: a prospective cohort study among 12.8 million adults

Cited by 90 publications

References 35 publications

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Ligand Replacement Strategy for Chemical Luminescence Determination of Cholesterol

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Ligand Replacement Strategy for Chemical Luminescence Determination of Cholesterol

Effects of Living High-Training Low and High on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Females

A dose-dependent association of total cholesterol with all-cause and specific mortality: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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