Total Chloride Analysis in Petroleum Crude Samples: Challenges and Opportunities

Dutta, Moumita; Pathiparampil, Annie; Quon, Deanna; Tan, Jimmy; Poirier, L.; Berhane, Lidia; López-Linares, Francisco

doi:10.1021/bk-2019-1320.ch011

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Meanwhile, MWDXRF is the favored one amongst the three because of its simplicity and portability; but the interference from sulfur could not be ruled out in total chloride content determination. The detection limit can go up to 0.43 ppm in the MWDXRF process 18. In contrast the chloride quantification limit can go up to 40 µg kg −1 in an ICP‐MS/MS‐based method 19.…”

Section: Organic Chloride Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Apart from the above-mentioned ASTM methods, combustion ion chromatography (CIC), monochromatic wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (MWDXRF) [18], and inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) [19] techniques are also recognized by the petroleum industries for total chloride estimation in lab-scale. A trace amount of chloride content is detected by CIC without any interferences caused by sulfur and ICP-MS-based technique can be used to detect total chloride content even in low detection limit of 0.3 ppm [18]. Meanwhile, MWDXRF is the favored one amongst the three because of its simplicity and portability; but the interference from sulfur could not be ruled out in total chloride content determination.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence (Astm D 7536)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations

et al. 2022

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Crude oils contain chloride impurities, including some organic components termed as ‘organic chloride'. Owing to the high dissociation energy of the C‐Cl bond, organic chlorides are very difficult to remove during the desalting process unlike inorganic chloride salts. Failure to properly remove organic chlorides could have a significant adverse effect on petroleum refinery equipment in terms of corrosion during crude oil processing. Therefore, stringent specification of organic chlorides is being maintained throughout the refining process to avoid corrosion‐related incidents. Generally, a guard bed column is used for the removal of organic chlorides in the downstream of the refining process. Guard bed columns are comprised of metal oxide‐based components that operate at a very high temperature. In contrast, a phase transfer catalyst (PTC)‐based process for organic chloride removal at the upstream of the refining process is established up to lab‐scale and with model compounds only. This review is aimed to highlight the technical challenges associated with organic chloride contamination in refining processes and plausible methods and techniques available for smooth refining operations.

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Section: Organic Chloride Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: X-ray Fluorescence (Astm D 7536)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations

et al. 2022

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“…Considering these differences in physical–chemical properties, accurate knowledge about the speciation of inorganic and organic chlorides in crude oil and its fractions is invaluable for the management of chlorine-induced corrosion. For this reason, many analytical procedures, − including standard methods, − for chlorine speciation in crude oil can be found in the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Inorganic Chlorides into Organochlorine Compounds during Crude Oil Distillation: Myth or Reality?

2020

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In this communication, we reinterpreted the experimental findings offered by Wu et al. about the presence and distribution of organic chlorides in crude oil distillates (Distribution and identification of chlorides in distillates from YS crude oilWuB.LiY.LiX.ZhuJ. Wu, B. Li, Y. Li, X. Zhu, J. Energy Fuels20152913911396 and Organochlorine compounds with a low boiling point in desalted crude oil: Identification and conversionWuB.LiY.LiX.ZhuJ.MaR.HuS. Wu, B. Li, Y. Li, X. Zhu, J. Ma, R. Hu, S. Energy Fuels20183264756481). The results proposed by Wu et al. were examined employing a mass balance approach. From our preliminary analysis, we concluded that crude oil distillation may induce (significant) conversions of inorganic chloride into organic chlorides. Such an alteration in chlorine speciation could be relevant for managing corrosion issues in oil refineries.

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Total Chloride Analysis in Petroleum Crude Samples: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations

Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations

Conversion of Inorganic Chlorides into Organochlorine Compounds during Crude Oil Distillation: Myth or Reality?

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