Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients in Relation to Bacterial Load

Abstract

The detection of salivary biomarkers has a potential application in early diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal inflammation. However, searching sensitive salivary biomarkers for periodontitis is still ongoing. Oxidative stress is supposed to play an important role in periodontitis progression and tissue destruction. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in saliva of periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls and their relationship with periodontopathic bacteria and periodontal disease severity. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 45 patients with generalized severe periodontitis and 37 healthy individuals and the TAC/TOS were measured. In addition, salivary levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in saliva were measured. Salivary TAC was lower in periodontitis patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, a significant negative correlation of salivary TAC with clinical attachment loss was observed in periodontitis patients. No significant difference in the salivary TOS was observed between periodontitis patients and healthy controls. Bacterial load was enhanced in periodontitis patients and exhibited correlation with periodontal disease severity but not with salivary TAC/TOS. Our data suggest that changes in antioxidant capacity in periodontitis patients are not associated with increased bacterial load and are probably due to a dysregulated immune response.

Superoxide Dismutase, Uric Acid, Total Antioxidant Status, and Lipid Peroxidation Assay in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients

“…Severe tissue destruction associated with AP may be due to the reduced total antioxidant capacity of these patients. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The present study was carried out for the assessment of one enzymatic antioxidant, SOD, another nonenzymatic antioxidant uric acid, TAS, and lipid peroxidation status in serum and GCF of CP and AP patients compared with healthy controls. The objective of the assessment was for observing the possible differences in local and systemic antioxidant status between CP and AP.…”

“…The difference in the salivary TOS between periodontitis patients and healthy controls was not significant. 13 Severe tissue destruction associated with aggressive form of periodontitis may be due to the reduced total antioxidant capacity of the patients. 14 Action of antioxidant enzyme SOD triggered against superoxide, ROS, in inflammatory pathways is for protection against connective tissue breakdown.…”

“…The total oxidant status (TOS) in saliva of periodontitis patients was found to be the same when compared with healthy controls. 13 Rapid tissue destruction that is associated with severe form of periodontitis like AP may be due to the reduced total antioxidant capacity of these patients. 14 With this background, the present study was carried out to find out any possible difference at systemic and at local level, by assessment of one enzymatic antioxidant SOD, another nonenzymatic antioxidant uric acid, TAS, and lipid peroxidation status in serum and GCF from periodontal pockets of CP and AP patients compared with healthy controls.…”

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis

“…10,13 Measuring the total antioxidant capacity of the saliva is a routine method in various studies. 6,9,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In a research by Chapple et al, 18 superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in deep periodontal pockets, but following the first phase of periodontal therapy, the level of total antioxidants in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) increased. Similar to this study, Diab-Ladki et al, 9 Sculley et al 15 and Brock et al 19 reported that the total antioxidant capacity of the saliva of periodontally compromised patients decreased.…”

Quantification of DNA Double Strand Breaks and Oxidation Response in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental CBCT Scan

“…Total antioxidant capacity has been used previously as a salivary biomarker related to periodontal disease and dental caries. Decreases in total antioxidant capacity have been linked to periodontal disease 89 .…”