Total antioxidant and total oxidant states, and serum paraoxonase‐1 in neonatal sepsis

Annagür, Alı; Örs, Rahmi; Altunhan, Hüseyin; Kurban, Sevil; Ertuğrul, Sabahattin; Konak, Murat; Uygun, Saime Sündüs; Pekcan, Sevgi; Erbay, Ekrem; Mehmetoğlu, İdris

doi:10.1111/ped.12557

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In neonatal sepsis, both OS-related pathways and antioxidant defenses would seem to be induced [86]. In line with these findings, in 70 septic newborns with a mean gestational age of 36 weeks, the total oxidant state (TOS) and the total antioxidant state (TAS) were both elevated during the pretreatment period compared to healthy newborns, and the OS index (OSI) and the percentage ratio of TOS/TAS, were also elevated [87], ultimately assessing the prevalence of OS pathways on antioxidant defense.…”

Section: Melatonin and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 53%

Use of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress Related Neonatal Diseases

et al. 2020

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Reactive oxygen species have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of perinatal diseases. Exposure to inflammation, infections, or high oxygen concentrations is frequent in preterm infants, who have high free iron levels that enhance toxic radical generation and diminish antioxidant defense. The peculiar susceptibility of newborns to oxidative stress supports the prophylactic use of melatonin in preventing or decreasing oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Melatonin, an effective direct free-radical scavenger, easily diffuses through biological membranes and exerts pleiotropic activity everywhere. Multiple investigations have assessed the effectiveness of melatonin to reduce the “oxygen radical diseases of newborn” including perinatal brain injury, sepsis, chronic lung disease (CLD), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Further studies are still awaited to test melatonin activity during perinatal period.

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Section: Melatonin and Sepsissupporting

confidence: 53%

Use of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress Related Neonatal Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…According to the available evidence, in neonatal sepsis, both oxidative stress-related pathways and antioxidant defenses appear induced; however, redox unbalance favoring oxidative stress likely occurs, as markers of oxidative damage are increased in comparison to controls [ 49 , 50 ]. Concordant with this observation, in 70 newborns with mean gestational age of 36 weeks, total oxidant state (TOS) and total antioxidant state (TAS) were both increased in septic patients in the pretreatment period versus controls and oxidative stress index (OSI), and the percentage ratio of TOS/TAS, was also increased [ 65 ], confirming the prevalence of oxidative stress pathways on antioxidant defense. TOS and TAS were also studied to monitor treatment and significantly decreased after treatment in septic patients in comparison to pretreatment levels.…”

Section: Redox Status In Neonatal Sepsismentioning

confidence: 64%

“…TOS and TAS were also studied to monitor treatment and significantly decreased after treatment in septic patients in comparison to pretreatment levels. Moreover, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), an enzyme located in HDL inhibiting lipoprotein oxidation in LDL [ 66 ], which is reduced in adult sepsis [ 67 ], appeared significantly lower in septic newborns before treatment in comparison to controls and also to posttreatment levels [ 65 ]. In septic patients after treatment, higher TAS levels were observed in comparison to controls, while TOS and PON-1 did not significantly differ, suggesting that compensatory antioxidant defense might continue beyond the initial oxidative burst.…”

Section: Redox Status In Neonatal Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepsis and Oxidative Stress in the Newborn: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Targets

Poggi

Dani

2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Sepsis is at present one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Together with inflammation, oxidative stress is involved in detrimental pathways activated during neonatal sepsis, eventually leading to organ dysfunction and death. The redox cascade during sepsis is mainly initiated by IL-6 and IL-8 stimulation in newborns and includes multiple noxious processes, as direct cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species, activation of gene expression leading to amplification of inflammation and oxidative stress, and impairment of mitochondrial function. Once proinflammatory and prooxidant pathways are established as stimulated by causing pathogens, self-maintaining unfavorable redox cycles ensue, leading to oxidative stress-related cellular damage, independently from the activating pathogens themselves. Despite antioxidant systems are induced during neonatal sepsis, as an adaptive response to an increased oxidative burden, a condition of redox imbalance favoring oxidative pathways occurs, resulting in increased markers of oxidative stress damage. Therefore, antioxidant treatment would exert beneficial effects during neonatal sepsis, potentially interrupting prooxidant pathways and preventing the maintenance of detrimental redox cycles that cannot be directly affected by antibiotic treatment. Among others, antioxidant agents investigated in clinical settings as adjunct treatment for neonatal sepsis include melatonin and pentoxifylline, both showing promising results, while novel antioxidant molecules, as edaravone and endothelin receptor antagonists, are at present under investigation in animal models. Finally, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant treatments could represent an interesting line of research in the treatment of neonatal sepsis.

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“…Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the genesis of tissue damage during an ECMO procedure, and newborns are particularly prone to the toxic effects of free radicals, due to the immaturity of their antioxidant systems resulting in lowered detoxification capacity (Comporti et al, 2004; Castellheim et al, 2005; Saugstad, 2005; Mishra et al, 2008; Signorini et al, 2008; Afolayan et al, 2012, 2015; Annagür et al, 2015; Asci et al, 2015; Mokra et al, 2015; Aras-López et al, 2016; Mikolka et al, 2016; Mátyás and Zaharie, 2018; Moore et al, 2018; Perrone et al, 2018). The inflammatory response following the introduction of ECC generates a high amount of ROS contemporarily reducing endogenous antioxidants (Descamps-Latscha, 2001; Goodyear-Bruch and Pierce, 2002; Karu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

et al. 2018

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Oxidative stress is a frequent condition in critically ill patients, especially if exposed to extracorporeal circulation, and it is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality. The inflammation triggered by the contact of blood with a non-endogenous surface, the use of high volumes of packed red blood cells and platelets transfusion, the risk of hyperoxia and the impairment of antioxidation systems contribute to the increase of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance of the redox system. This is responsible for the increased production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite resulting in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage. The understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to redox imbalance would pave the way for the future development of preventive approaches. This review provides an overview of the clinical impact of the oxidative stress during neonatal extracorporeal support and concludes with a brief perspective on the current antioxidant strategies, with the aim to focus on the potential oxidative stress-mediated cell damage that has been implicated in both short and long-term outcomes.

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Total antioxidant and total oxidant states, and serum paraoxonase‐1 in neonatal sepsis

Abstract: Low serum PON-1 was found in neonatal sepsis. Serum PON-1 is thought to be a useful biomarker to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and recovery in neonatal sepsis.

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Use of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress Related Neonatal Diseases

Use of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress Related Neonatal Diseases

Sepsis and Oxidative Stress in the Newborn: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Targets

Oxidative Stress and Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

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