Total and Specific Bacterial Levels in the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis

Evaluation of apical transportation and centring ability of five thermally treated NiTi rotary systems

“…The anatomopathological condition of the teeth influences the diameter of the shaping instrument used in this region (Peters , Antunes et al . ). In the present study, all canals were prepared up to the WL with size 25 instruments; Paqué et al .…”

Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone‐resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis

“…, Antunes et al . ). In the present study, Actinobacteria were positively associated with granulomas, increased expression of MMP‐2, decreased expression of OPG and higher RANKL:OPG ratio.…”

“…Because of its destructive nature, it cannot be used to investigate the microbiota in different time intervals either (Antunes et al . ).…”

Infection Control in Retreatment Cases: In Vivo Antibacterial Effects of 2 Instrumentation Systems

“…To quantify the total bacterial load and levels of E. faecalis and Streptococcus species before and after treatment procedures, 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted qPCR was performed with Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) on an ABI 7500 Real-time PCR instrument (Applied Biosystems) in a total reaction volume of 20 mL. Primers, qPCR conditions, and data analyses were as described previously (2,28). All measurements were taken in triplicate for samples and standards.…”