Tos17 insertion in NADH-dependent glutamate synthase genes leads to an increase in grain protein content in rice

Imagawa, Fumi; Minagawa, Haruka; Nakayama, Yosuke; Kanno, Ken‐ichiro; Hayakawa, Toshihiko; Kojima, Shinichi

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2018.09.008

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that rice varieties with a high grain protein content have a higher proteolytic enzyme activity, which accelerates the reduction of the leaf nitrogen content and the senescence process of rice leaves at the later growth stage, leading to the reduction of the leaf photosynthetic rate at the later growth stage, and then the decline of the dry matter production capacity and grain yield [22,23]. Imagawa et al [24] found a significant increase in the protein content in the NADH-GOGAT2 mutant, but the grain yield of the NADH-GOGAT2 mutant was decreased by 40%. In this study, we also found that the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020 and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake and Transport of Rice Varieties with Different Grain Protein Content

Liu

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Grain protein content (GPC) is an important index affecting rice quality and nutrition, and there is a large difference in the GPC among varieties. However, the differences in the grain yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake and transport among varieties with a different GPC and their relationships with the GPC are still unclear. In this study, three japonica varieties with high GPC (H-GPC) and three japonica varieties with low GPC (L-GPC) were compared for their grain yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake and transport, in field experiments under the same nitrogen application level in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020, and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type at the same nitrogen rate, which might be related to the higher spikelet per panicle and larger sink capacity of the L-GPC type. Moreover, the varieties with L-GPC showed more dry matter production and total nitrogen content compared with the varieties with H-GPC at the heading stage and maturity, but the nitrogen uptake during the grain-filling period (NUP-GF) of the L-GPC varieties was lower than that of the H-GPC varieties. The leaf nitrogen translocation amount (L-NTA) of the L-GPC type was significantly higher than that of the H-GPC type. There was no significant difference in the leaf nitrogen translocation efficiency (L-NTE) between the different GPC types. The GPC was mainly determined by the amount of nitrogen available for developing the grain per unit sink capacity (NAV) and had a significant positive correlation with the NAV, indicating that sufficient NAV is necessary to obtain a high GPC. The direct restriction effect of the sink capacity on the NAV was the largest, and the leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage (LNC-H) had the largest direct promotion effect on the NAV, but the indirect restriction effect of the LNC-H on the NAV was also the strongest. The direct and indirect path coefficients of the NUP-GF to the NAV were both positive, indicating that increasing the NUP-GF can promote the improvement of the NAV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake and Transport of Rice Varieties with Different Grain Protein Content

Liu

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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“…Moreover, knockout mutations of NADH-GOGAT2 have proved to be unfavorable for seed production [101]. However, the insertion of Tos17 (transposon of Oryza sativa 17) in both NADH-GOGAT1 and NADH-GOGAT2 causes a significant increase in the free amino acid concentration and in protein content, indicating an improved nutritional quality of the grains [102]. Immunolocalization studies show that two distinct types of Fd-GOGAT, the leaf isoform Fd-GOGAT and root isoform Fd-GOGAT, are present in rice, even if the DNA sequence of the root isoform is not found in the rice genome database, and its function is still not clear [67,97,103,104].…”

Section: Gs and Gogat Isoforms In Nue Of Cerealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals

Fortunato,

Nigro,

Lasorella

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Cereals are the most broadly produced crops and represent the primary source of food worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient for plant growth and high yield, and the quality of cereal crops greatly depends on a suitable N supply. In the last decades, a massive use of N fertilizers has been achieved in the desire to have high yields of cereal crops, leading to damaging effects for the environment, ecosystems, and human health. To ensure agricultural sustainability and the required food source, many attempts have been made towards developing cereal crops with a more effective nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE depends on N uptake, utilization, and lastly, combining the capability to assimilate N into carbon skeletons and remobilize the N assimilated. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a crucial metabolic step of N assimilation, regulating crop yield. In this review, the physiological and genetic studies on GS and GOGAT of the main cereal crops will be examined, giving emphasis on their implications in NUE.

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“…Of the two different forms, NADH-GOGAT is located primarily in plastids of non-photosynthetic organs, while Fd-GOGAT is located primarily in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organs (Yamaya et al ., 1992; Lam et al ., 1996; Nigro et al ., 2014). Studies have shown that the expression and activity of NADH-GOGAT contribute significantly to GPC (Nigro et al ., 2017; Imagawa et al ., 2018). The expressions and activities of GS and GOGAT closely related to GPC under N and sulphur (S) fertilizer treatments (Kaur et al ., 2017; Zhang et al ., 2017; Tao et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat powdery mildew on grain nitrogen metabolism

Gao

Niu

Liu³

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Sci.

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Glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) play a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism. In order to study the effect of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) on N metabolism, field experiments were carried out to evaluate GS and GOGAT activity, GS expression and grain protein content (GPC) in susceptible (Xi'nong 979) and resistant (Zhengmai 103) wheat cultivars under three treatments. The three treatments were no inoculation (CK), inoculated once with Bgt (MP) and inoculated nine times with Bgt (HP). For Xi'nong 979, the activities of GS and GOGAT in grains as well as GS activity in flag leaves increased at 10–15 days after anthesis (DAA), and decreased significantly at 15 or 20–30 DAA in HP and MP. However, GS activity in grains decreased from 20 DAA, which was later than that of flag leaves (15 DAA). At the same time, GS expression in grains was up-regulated at early stage, with GS1 at 10 DAA and GS2 at 15 DAA, followed by a continuous down-regulation. This result indicated that GS and GOGAT activity as well as GS expression were inhibited by powdery mildew, indicating that N metabolism in grains was inhibited at 20–30 DAA. The current study also found out that the yield of the susceptible cultivar decreased significantly, while its GPC increased obviously in HP. It was shown that the increase of GPC was not due to the enhancement of N metabolism, but due to the passive increase caused by yield reduction.

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Tos17 insertion in NADH-dependent glutamate synthase genes leads to an increase in grain protein content in rice

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Characteristics of Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake and Transport of Rice Varieties with Different Grain Protein Content

Characteristics of Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake and Transport of Rice Varieties with Different Grain Protein Content

The Role of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) and Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) in the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereals

Effect of wheat powdery mildew on grain nitrogen metabolism

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