Torularhodin Alleviates Hepatic Dyslipidemia and Inflammations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via PPARα Signaling Pathway

Li, Xingming; Cheng, Yuliang; Li, Jiayi; Liu, Chang; Qian, He; Zhang, Genyi

doi:10.3390/molecules27196398

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…UBX binds to the ubiquitin-proteasome system via a molecular chaperone-containing protein (valosin-containing protein, VCP) [11,12], the mammalian homolog of multifunctional Cdc48p in yeast and multifunctional p97 in Xenopus laevis [13], associated with various cellular activities. DEDID can be associated with Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) proteins and caspases [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Localization of Fas-Associated Factor 1 in Testicular Tissues of Different Ages and Ovaries at Different Reproductive Cycle Phases of Bos grunniens

Wang

Zhang²,

Gengquan³

et al. 2023

Animals

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Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a member of the Fas family, is involved in biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation and proteostasis. This study aimed to explore the biological role of FAF1 in testicular tissue at different ages (juveniles (1 and 2 years old), adults (3, 4, 6, and 7 years old) and old-aged animals (11 years old)) and ovaries during different reproductive cycle phases (follicular, luteal, and pregnancy phases). FAF1 mRNA, relative protein expression and protein expression localization were determined in testes and ovaries using real-time quantification, WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Real-time quantification of testis tissues showed that the relative expression of FAF1 mRNA in testis tissues at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was significantly higher than of those in other ages, and in ovarian tissues was significantly higher in luteal phase ovaries than those in follicular and pregnancy phase ovaries; follicular phase ovaries were the lowest. WB of testis tissues showed that the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher at 11 and 7 years of age; in ovarian tissue, the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher in follicular phase ovaries than in luteal and pregnancy phase ovaries, and lowest in luteal phase ovaries. The relative protein expression of FAF1 at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was the lowest. IHC showed that FAF1 was mainly expressed in spermatozoa, spermatocytes, spermatogonia and supporting cells; in ovarian tissue, FAF1 was expressed in ovarian germ epithelial cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells and luteal cells. The IHC results showed that FAF1 mRNA and protein were significantly differentially expressed in testes of different ages and ovarian tissues of different reproductive cycle phases, revealing the significance of FAF1 in the regulation of male and female B. grunniens reproductive physiology. Furthermore, our results provide a basis for the further exploration of FAF1 in the reproductive physiology of B. grunniens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Localization of Fas-Associated Factor 1 in Testicular Tissues of Different Ages and Ovaries at Different Reproductive Cycle Phases of Bos grunniens

Wang

Zhang²,

Gengquan³

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Torularhodin, used in this study, is also a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties . Our previous studies have found that torularhodin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. , Recently, liver proteomics revealed that torularhodin ameliorates obesity symptoms in high-fat diet-fed mice mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathway in the liver . Although torularhodin has great potential for human health, it and other carotenoids present the same challenges, including poor stability and low bioavailability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…15,16 Recently, liver proteomics revealed that torularhodin ameliorates obesity symptoms in high-fat diet-fed mice mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathway in the liver. 17 Although torularhodin has great potential for human health, it and other carotenoids present the same challenges, including poor stability and low bioavailability. 18 Therefore, in order to solve the application challenges, we innovatively loaded torularhodin into bilosomes via incorporating bile salts into lipid bilayers, which is also different from previous studies where torularhodin was directly administered orally or mixed into the diet to mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torularhodin-Loaded Bilosomes Ameliorate Lipid Accumulation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Liu

Guo

Cheng

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Scope: Hypercholesterolemia is a cause of cardiovascular disease. Torularhodin is a carotenoid, and its entrapment in bilosomes helps to improve its bioavailability. Methods and results: The effects of torularhodin-loaded bilosomes on lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and serum metabolic profiles in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− C57BL/6J mice were investigated by feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 20 weeks. At the same time, mice were gavaged with torularhodin-loaded bilosomes for 10 weeks. The results showed that torularhodin successfully alleviated weight gain and insulin resistance in mice and could also lower blood lipids. Meanwhile, torularhodin improved liver lipid accumulation in mice and modulated inflammatory factors in the "blood−liver−ileum." Nontargeted metabolomics revealed that torularhodin significantly increased the concentrations of L-tryptophan, glyceraldehyde, hypotaurine, pyrophosphate, and niacinamide in serum (p < 0.01). In addition, targeted amino acid metabolomics verification found that torularhodin promoted the metabolism of serum amino acids in mice, particularly for branched-chain amino acids, thereby helping to improve hypercholesterolemia in mice. Finally, interaction network bioinformatics was used to demonstrate that amino acid metabolism represented an important mechanism by which torularhodin improves lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in mice. Conclusions: Torularhodin can improve hypercholesterolemia in HFHCD-fed mice, thereby supporting the feasibility of its usage in food applications for cardiovascular disease prevention.

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“…Of these, torularhodin is a unique carotenoid produced by S. pararoseus , whose structure differs from that of β-carotene only in the presence of an additional carboxyl group. Torularhodin was found to have significant anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo and to reduce blood lipids in mice fed a high-fat diet [ 10 ]. Besides, torularhodin effectively ameliorated oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, possibly through the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathways [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Cellular Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Torularhodin Produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus ZQHL Isolated from Vinegar Fungus

Liu

Han

Lv³

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The red stretcher bacterium Sporidiobolus pararoseus is a high producer of carotenoids such as torularhodin, but its presence in vinegar has not been detected. Moreover, torularhodin has several biological activities, but its effect on the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cell model has also yet to be elucidated. In this study, S. pararoseus was identified in different vinegar samples from China by ITS sequencing. Meanwhile, one of the strains was deeply resolved by whole genome sequencing and functional annotation and named S. pararoseus ZQHL. Subsequently, the antioxidant effect of the fungal carotenoid torularhodin was investigated using in vitro DPPH, ABTS, and cellular models. Finally, LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used as an inflammation model to assess torularhodin’s protective effect on inflammatory cells and to determine whether the TLR4 pathway is associated with this process. The results indicate that torularhodin has good free radical scavenging ability in vitro and can contribute to cell viability. More importantly, torularhodin alleviated LPS-induced cellular inflammatory damage and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors such as TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-a. The mechanism may attenuate the cellular inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR4 inflammatory pathway. In conclusion, torularhodin produced by S. pararoseus fungi in vinegar samples significantly scavenged free radicals in vitro and alleviated RAW 264.7 cellular inflammation by modulating the TLR4 pathway.

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Torularhodin Alleviates Hepatic Dyslipidemia and Inflammations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via PPARα Signaling Pathway

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Expression and Localization of Fas-Associated Factor 1 in Testicular Tissues of Different Ages and Ovaries at Different Reproductive Cycle Phases of Bos grunniens

Expression and Localization of Fas-Associated Factor 1 in Testicular Tissues of Different Ages and Ovaries at Different Reproductive Cycle Phases of Bos grunniens

Torularhodin-Loaded Bilosomes Ameliorate Lipid Accumulation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Study on the Cellular Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Torularhodin Produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus ZQHL Isolated from Vinegar Fungus

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