Torture and Mental Health

Başoğlu, Metin; Jaranson, James M.; Mollica, Richard F.; Kastrup, Marianne

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1295-0_3

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, the failure to define what is meant by "torture" is rarely acknowledged in published studies. Although some have sought to advance methods in the field (Başoglu, Jaranson, Mollica, & Kastrup, 2001;Quiroga & Jaranson, 2005), torture researchers generally have avoided methodological self-criticism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining torture: A review of 40 years of health science research

Green

Rasmussen

Rosenfeld

2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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The current review critically examines the body of torture research (N = 209), focusing on the definition and operationalization of the primary construct. Almost three-quarters (69.9%) of the studies reviewed did not reference any definition of torture. Few studies identified important contextual variables related to defining torture such as identities and motivations of perpetrators and severity of abuse. Definitional ambiguity further impacted how individuals were queried about their experiences and the extent to which torture was distinguished from other forms of maltreatment. Although there are notable exceptions, the methods used in the torture literature are variable and often undefined, impacting the interpretation of findings of risk factors, consequences, and treatment of torture events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining torture: A review of 40 years of health science research

Green

Rasmussen

Rosenfeld

2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…Ő mindvégig kitartott amellett, hogy így történt. Ez a súlyos traumatizáció kimeríthette a szakirodalomban korábban leírt úgynevezett "kínzásszindrómát" (torture syndrome) [22,23]. S bár a bíróság Artemisiának adott igazat, s nem sokkal a per után a festőnő férjhez ment és öt gyermeket szült, lelke még nyolc évvel a trauma után sem nyugodott meg, a Judit/Holofernész témát újra és ugyanolyan horrorisztikus módon festette le [24].…”

Section: Erőszaknak Kínzásnak Való Kitettségunclassified

A traumatikus élmények facilitáló szerepe a művészetben

Gerevich¹

2017

Orvosi Hetilap

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Traumatikus élmények nemcsak kedvezőtlen következményekkel járhatnak, hanem a traumában érintett személyek fejlődéséhez is hozzájárulhatnak. Ebben a tanulmányban hat traumatípust vizsgáltam meg különböző festmények és az élettörténet elemzése révén: érzelmi depriváció/elhanyagolás, halálközeli élmény, erőszak áldozatává válás, hábo-rú, baleset/betegség és érzelmi frusztráció. A képzőművészeti alkotások felhívhatják a figyelmet alkotójuk traumatikus élményeire gyakran ismétlődő motívumokkal és ábrázolástechnikával (Nap, anyakép, az elveszített személyre utaló tárgyak, erőszakos vagy az erőszakot jelképező motívumok, felduzzadt énkép művészi megnyilvánulásai, szür-reális víziók, fanyar irónia, a szeretett személy más tárgyakkal való helyettesítése), illetve hirtelen stílus-és témaváltás, amely az emberi szenvedés iránt megmutatkozó fokozott érdeklődést fejezheti ki (Lovis Corinth). Az önábrázolás hangsúlyos jellege az alkotó fokozott önvizsgálatára, esetleg betegsége, lelkiállapota folyamatos monitorozására utalhat (Frida Kahlo, Otto Dix, Lovis Corinth, Edvard Munch). A művészi tevékenység egyes esetekben hozzájárulhat a trauma feldolgozásához (Hans Bellmer, Oskar Kokoschka, Max Ernst, René Magritte), más esetben nem képes meggátolni a trauma pszichológiai/pszichiátriai következményeinek kialakulását (Artemisia Gentileschi, Edvard Munch, Gulácsy Lajos). Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(17): 668-677.Kulcsszavak: trauma, művészet, érzelmi depriváció/elhanyagolás, elhúzódó gyász, percipiált poszttraumás kreatív növekedés Facilitating role of traumatic experiences in artTraumatic experiences can not only have unfavourable consequences, they can also contribute, with a kind of creative twist, to the development of the person affected by the trauma. The artistic responses to traumas can be examined on the basis of the different types of trauma. This study reports on an investigation focusing on six types of trauma: emotional deprivation/neglect; near-death experience; becoming the victim of violence; war; accident/sickness and emotional frustration. Examples taken from the history of art indicate that works of art can draw attention to the traumatic experiences of the artists with frequently repeated motifs and portrayal techniques (sun, mother image, objects referring to the person lost, motifs of violence or symbols of violence, artistic manifestations of an exaggerated self-image, surreal visions, dry irony, substituting other objects for the beloved person), or a sudden change of style and subject that can express a heightened interest in human suffering (Lovis Corinth). An emphasis placed on self-portrayal can indicate the artist's increased self-examination, in cases of sickness, or continuous monitoring of the state of mind (Frida Kahlo, Otto Dix, Lovis Corinth, Edvard Munch). In some cases artistic activity can help to work through the trauma (Hans Bellmer, Oskar Kokoschka, Max Ernst, René Magritte), in other cases it is not able to prevent the development of psychological/psychiatric consequences of the trauma (Artemisia G...

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“…1 Taxonomy of the burden of torture (Adapted from Chren and Weinstock (2004): Taxonomy of disease burden) [32]. Note, 'impairment' refers to 'the biological properties of the disease'; 'disability' refers to 'diminished functioning caused by the disease'; and 'handicap' refers to 'the effects of the disease on one's overall quality of life' attempted'' and ''that the political and emotional sensitivity of torture makes it difficult to study, and refugees are a challenging group for research'' [42,43].…”

Section: Prevalence and Profile Of Torture Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, studies of torture costs can be a good tool for drawing attention to issues related to torture stimulating the public policy debate [28,42]. Knowledge and consideration of these costs can lead to social mobilisation and reduce the prevalence, if not eradicate, the practice of torture in the world.…”

Section: The Policy Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Costs of Torture: Challenges and Opportunities

Mpinga

Kandala

Hasselgård-Rowe

et al. 2015

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

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Due to its nature, extent and consequences, torture is considered a major public health problem and a serious violation of human rights. Our study aims to set the foundation for a theoretical framework of the costs related to torture. It examines existing challenges and proposes some solutions. Our proposed framework targets policy makers, human rights activists, professionals working in programmes, centres and rehabilitation projects, judges and lawyers, survivors of torture and their families and anyone involved in the prevention and fight against this practice and its consequences. We adopted a methodology previously used in studies investigating the challenges in measuring and valuing productivity costs in health disorders. We identify and discuss conceptual, methodological, political and ethical challenges that studies on the economic and social costs of torture pose and propose alternatives in terms of possible solutions to these challenges. The economic dimension of torture is rarely debated and integrated in research, policies and programmes. Several challenges such as epistemological, methodological, ethical or political ones have often been presented as obstacles to cost studies of torture and as an excuse for not investigating this dimension. In identifying, analysing and proposing solutions to these challenges, we intend to stimulate the integration of the economic dimension in research and prevention of torture strategies.

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Torture and Mental Health

Cited by 61 publications

References 52 publications

Defining torture: A review of 40 years of health science research

Defining torture: A review of 40 years of health science research

A traumatikus élmények facilitáló szerepe a művészetben

Estimating the Costs of Torture: Challenges and Opportunities

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