Torrefaction: Process Review

Preradovic, Milica; Papuga, Saša; Kolundžija, Aleksandra

doi:10.3311/ppch.20636

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Torrefaction is the roasting of feedstock in near inert (oxygen-free environment) atmosphere between 200-300 °C temperature range to increase the heating value, hydrophobicity and improve its combustion characteristics [25,26]. AMPC [32] and Szufa et al [33] described torrefaction as 'mild pyrolysis' characterized by slow heating rates (typically <50 ℃/min), relatively long residence times (30 to 90 min) and temperatures of 200 ℃ to 320 ℃ under atmospheric pressures [34,35]. There are several research works on torrefaction of other biomass, Ramos-Carmona et al [36] reported on patula pine [37] at 200 °C-300 °C and 30 min of residence time, Bridgeman et al [38] torrefied wheat straw and willow, Bello et al [15] torrefied Gmelina arborea, among others.…”

Section: Review Of Torrefaction (Semi-carbonation) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of technoeconomic benefits of torrefaction pretreatment technology and application in torrefying sawdust

Bello,

Olorunnisola,

Omoniyi

et al. 2024

Sustain. Econ.

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Economic analysis of torrefaction process centers on assessment of the economic feasibility of the production and utilization of torrefied biomass using developed models such as costs of biomass, electricity, labour, investment, transportation etc. to evaluate the cost of biomass torrefaction. The increase in energy usage over the past century has raised concern over the energy insecurity and environmental unsustainability of current fossil fuel utilization; therefore, there is need for energy diversification. An attractive alternative is the biomass. However, the poor performance of raw biomass in energy generation further necessitate development of refined technologies to enhance its performance, particularly at low temperatures between 200–300 ℃. This study therefore reviews the technoeconomic benefits of torrefaction technology and reactors and its application in the pretreatment of sawdust. An overview of torrefaction technology, torrefied product characteristics, and economic analysis of torrefier reactor and torrefaction cost/ton were reviewed. From the review, torrefaction significantly improved the physical, combustion and performance characteristics of torrefied products, with comparable durability and storability to raw biomass. Comparing with other thermal pretreatment methods, torrefaction is an economical way of improving biomass properties.

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Section: Review Of Torrefaction (Semi-carbonation) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solid biomass contains about 30% of dry mass resulting in more energy per unit of mass (i.e. 30% higher MJ/kg) based on torrefaction severity [35]. The solid product has similar utilization performance with coal used in power boilers, and acts as a quality enhancer for a multi-fuel feedstock [47].…”

Section: Review Of Torrefaction (Semi-carbonation) Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of technoeconomic benefits of torrefaction pretreatment technology and application in torrefying sawdust

Bello,

Olorunnisola,

Omoniyi

et al. 2024

Sustain. Econ.

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“…Hemicellulose in biomass depolymerizes during the torrefaction process and releases volatile compounds with lower energy values. Therefore, the solid matter obtained after torrefaction always has high energy content [57]. An energy density above 1 indicates an energy gain per unit mass.…”

Section: Abrasive Resistance and Tensile Strength Of The Raw And Torr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Properties and Torrefaction Characteristics of Pellets: Rose Oil Distillation Solid Waste and Red Pine Sawdust

Önür,

Ekinci,

Civan

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Two different biomass types, rose oil (Rosa damascena Mill.) distillation solid wastes (RDWs) and red pine sawdust (RPS), were pelletized in this study at different moisture and additives. The prepared pellets were also torrefied. This study revealed that the strength of the RPS and RDW pellets decreased as their moisture content increased in both their raw and torrefied forms. However, the tensile strength of the torrefied pellets increased with the increased binder ratio, which is similar to raw pellets. Compared to their raw form, the torrefied pellets generally had higher ash contents, fixed carbon contents, and higher heating values. As a result of torrefaction, the higher heating value of the RPS pellets increased from 17.51–18.80 MJ/kg to 20.20–21.73 MJ/kg, while the higher heating value of the RDW pellets increased from 17.42–18.54 MJ/kg to 19.13–20.92 MJ/kg. For the torrefied RPS and RDW pellets in this study, there was no statistically significant difference between initial moisture content and energy efficiency, energy density, or mass yield. On the other hand, energy density ratios in both the torrefied RPS and torrefied RDW pellets generally increased with increasing binder content. Furthermore, the torrefied pellets were found to be more stable in moisture absorption than the raw pellets.

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“…But, when the plant needs to operate with different feedstock types, the torrefaction technology needs a multiple input, specific output approach, which means that special reactor must be flexible in processing different types of feedstocks concerning hydrodynamics, solids transportation and operating conditions [11]. Torrefaction process is more explained in detail in the previous work [12].…”

Section: Biomass Feedstock Types For Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%