Torrefaction of wood

Prins, MJ Mark; Ptasinski, KJ Krzysztof; Janssen, F.J.J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.01.002

Cited by 501 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Temperature defines the kinetics of the torrefaction reaction while residence time affects process characteristics, but only during some temperature ranges [42,43].…”

Section: Temperature and Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to several studies, carbon monoxide (CO) is the main gas released during the torrefaction process and it is formed during a secondary reaction between water vapor (H 2 O (g)), CO 2 and solid torrefaction products when the temperature increases [42,43]. The minerals present in biomass can also serve as catalysts for this reaction [44], hence, the ratio between CO 2 and CO decreases with a higher residence time [42,43].…”

Section: Operating Atmospheric Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The growing search for alternative energy sources is not only due to the present shortage of non-renewable energy sources, but also due to their negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a lot of attention is drawn to the use of biomass as a renewable energy source. However, using biomass in its natural state has not proven to be an efficient technique, giving rise to a wide range of processing treatments that enhance the properties of biomass as an energy source. Torrefaction is a thermal process that enhances the properties of biomass through its thermal decomposition at temperatures between 200 and 300 • C. The torrefaction process is defined by several parameters, which also have impacts on the final quality of the torrefied biomass. The final quality is measured by considering parameters, such as humidity, heating value (HV), and grindability. Studies have focused on maximizing the torrefied biomass' quality using the best possible combination for the different parameters. The main objective of this article is to present new information regarding the conventional torrefaction process, as well as study the innovative techniques that have been in development for the improvement of the torrefied biomass qualities. With this study, conclusions were made regarding the importance of torrefaction in the energy field, after considering the economic status of this renewable resource. The importance of the torrefaction parameters on the final properties of torrefied biomass was also highly considered, as well as the importance of the reactor scales for the definition of ideal protocols.

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“…Temperature defines the kinetics of the torrefaction reaction while residence time affects process characteristics, but only during some temperature ranges [42,43].…”

Section: Temperature and Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operating Atmospheric Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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“…The char produced by torrefaction is usually hydrophobic and contains less moisture (Sadaka and Negi 2009). The torrefaction process in the presence or absence of water can considerably increase both energy density (Prins et al 2006;Yan et al 2009;Rousset et al 2011) and higher heating values (HHV) (Bridgeman et al 2008;Couhert et al 2009;Deng et al 2009;Yan et al 2009) of biomass substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Physiochemical Properties of a Solid Fuel Derived from Adansonia digitata Trunk using Torrefaction

et al. 2017

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The effect of temperature on the physiochemical characteristics of a solid fuel or biocoal derived from the dried trunk of Adansonia digitata (Baobab) was studied using torrefaction processes. The chemical composition of the solid fuel or char obtained by wet (HTC) and dry torrefaction processes were determined by elemental and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer measured the porous texture and surface area of the prepared samples. The changes in the surface morphology and crystallinity of the prepared samples were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The torrefaction process successfully improved the energy content from 16.8 MJ/kg to 22.0 MJ/kg, which was evidently higher than the starting precursors. The maximum energy yield obtained was 90.0% using dry torrefaction at 250 °C. The energy densification ratio was also higher for the char produced by the dry torrefaction process. However, the char produced by the HTC process at 250 °C showed the highest surface area. The pore diameter was higher for HTC-char produced at the same temperature. Overall the results revealed that the torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is beneficial for upgrading the fuel quality and energy densification of char residues.

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“…Laboratory scale torrefaction experiments conducted with different types of biomass have shown that torrefaction improves the quality of biomass as a solid fuel (Bridgeman et al 2008;Rousset et al 2011;Brachi et al 2016). Torrefied biomass contains less moisture (Felfri et al 2005;Sadaka and Negi 2009), has increased energy density (Prins et al 2006a;Yan et al 2009;Rousset et al 2011), and has increased higher heating value (HHV) (Bridgeman et al 2008;Couhert et al 2009;Deng et al 2009;Yan et al 2009) compared to raw biomass. The effect of torrefaction on fast pyrolysis (Zheng et al 2013), gasification (Sarkar et al 2014), and carbonization characteristics of biomass has been studied as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Torrefaction of Solid Olive Mill Residue

Cellatoğlu¹,

İlkan²

2016

BioResources

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Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment method for improving fuel characteristics of biomass. The process is conducted between 200 and 300 °C under inert atmosphere. The relatively low process temperature of torrefaction makes the use of solar energy suitable with low costs. In this study, solid olive mill residue (SOMR) was used to test the feasibility of using solar energy in the torrefaction process. SOMR is an agricultural waste obtained from olive oil extraction, and it is mainly produced in the Mediterranean region, which has high solar energy potential. In this study, the torrefaction of SOMR was conducted by concentrating solar energy with a parabolic dish concentrator, at 250 °C for 10 min. The fuel properties of solar torrefaction products were compared with raw SOMR. Solar torrefaction yielded a deoxygenated solid fuel with increased carbon content and higher heating value (HHV), similar to torrefaction.

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Torrefaction of wood

Cited by 501 publications

References 14 publications

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Comparative Evaluation of Physiochemical Properties of a Solid Fuel Derived from Adansonia digitata Trunk using Torrefaction

Solar Torrefaction of Solid Olive Mill Residue

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