Torrefaction of wood

Prins, MJ Mark; Ptasinski, KJ Krzysztof; Janssen, F.J.J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.01.001

Cited by 487 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Temperature defines the kinetics of the torrefaction reaction while residence time affects process characteristics, but only during some temperature ranges [42,43].…”

Section: Temperature and Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The growing search for alternative energy sources is not only due to the present shortage of non-renewable energy sources, but also due to their negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a lot of attention is drawn to the use of biomass as a renewable energy source. However, using biomass in its natural state has not proven to be an efficient technique, giving rise to a wide range of processing treatments that enhance the properties of biomass as an energy source. Torrefaction is a thermal process that enhances the properties of biomass through its thermal decomposition at temperatures between 200 and 300 • C. The torrefaction process is defined by several parameters, which also have impacts on the final quality of the torrefied biomass. The final quality is measured by considering parameters, such as humidity, heating value (HV), and grindability. Studies have focused on maximizing the torrefied biomass' quality using the best possible combination for the different parameters. The main objective of this article is to present new information regarding the conventional torrefaction process, as well as study the innovative techniques that have been in development for the improvement of the torrefied biomass qualities. With this study, conclusions were made regarding the importance of torrefaction in the energy field, after considering the economic status of this renewable resource. The importance of the torrefaction parameters on the final properties of torrefied biomass was also highly considered, as well as the importance of the reactor scales for the definition of ideal protocols.

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“…Temperature defines the kinetics of the torrefaction reaction while residence time affects process characteristics, but only during some temperature ranges [42,43].…”

Section: Temperature and Residence Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

et al. 2018

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“…4 The lignocellulosic biomass is partly decomposed during the torrefaction releasing condensable liquids and non-condensable gases into the gas phase. 5 Primarily the xylan-containing hemicellulose polymers decompose because they are the most reactive polymer structures in biomass. 6,7 The extractives of the biomass also decompose while the cellulose and lignin are moderately impacted during torrefaction, depending on the feedstock composition and the torrefaction temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer works deal with the torrefaction kinetics, however. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Most of these studies are based on isothermal experiments. Prins et al 9 and Bates et al 11 employed a one component, two step successive reaction model based on an earlier work of Di Blasi and Lanzetta 16 on xylan kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Most of these studies are based on isothermal experiments. Prins et al 9 and Bates et al 11 employed a one component, two step successive reaction model based on an earlier work of Di Blasi and Lanzetta 16 on xylan kinetics. The same model was used in a recent TGA-MS study by Shang et al 15 Peng et al 12 used a one component, one-step reaction model for torrefaction with long residence time and a two component, one-step reaction model for torrefaction with short residence time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Woods with an Emphasis on Torrefaction

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. The pyrolysis kinetics of Norwegian spruce and birch wood was studied to obtain information on the kinetics of torrefaction. Thermogravimetry (TGA) was employed with nine different heating programs, including linear, stepwise, modulated and constant reaction rate (CRR) experiments. The 18 experiments on the two feedstocks were evaluated simultaneously by the 2 method of least squares. Part of the kinetic parameters could be assumed common for both woods without a considerable worsening of the fit quality. This process results in better defined parameters and emphasizes the similarities between the woods. Three pseudocomponents were assumed. Two of them were described by distributed activation energy models (DAEM), while the decomposition of the cellulose pseudocomponent was described by a self-accelerating kinetics. In another approach all the three pseudocomponents were described by n-order reactions. Both approaches resulted in nearly the same fit quality but the physical meaning of the model based on three n-order reactions was found to be problematic. The reliability of the models was tested by checking how well the experiments with higher heating rates can be described by the kinetic parameters obtained from the evaluation of a narrower subset of 10 experiments with slower heating. A table of data was calculated that may provide guidance about the extent of devolatilization at various temperatureresidence time values during wood torrefaction.

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“…Torrefaction of biomass has been developed to produce bio-coal with higher calorific value and more uniform thermal behaviour than the original biomass [4][5][6][7]. The process removes volatile components of biomass including moisture, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, simple carboxylic acids (formic, acetic and lactic acids), hydroxyacetone, furfural, methanol, hydrogen sulfide [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced methane and hydrogen yields from catalytic supercritical water gasification of pine wood sawdust via pre-processing in subcritical water

Onwudili

Williams

2013

RSC Adv.

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A two-stage batch hydrothermal process has been investigated with the aim of enhancing the yields of hydrogen and methane from sawdust. Samples of the sawdust were rapidly treated in subcritical water and with added Na 2 CO 3 (alkaline compound) and Nb 2 O 3 (solid acid) at 280 °C, 8 MPa. Each pre-processing route resulted in a solid recovered product (SRP), an aqueous residual and a small amount of gas composed mainly of CO 2 . In the second stage, the SRP and the liquid residuals were gasified in supercritical water in the presence of Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for reaction times of up to 60 min for the SRP at 500 °C, 30 MPa. With the catalyst, carbon gasification efficiencies and methane selectivity increased with increasing reaction time. Overall, SRP from the Na 2 CO 3 pre-processing route produced 51% more hydrogen and 61% more methane than the original sawdust under identical reaction conditions. The cumulative yields of methane and hydrogen were 57.1 mol/kg, 42.5 mol/kg and 47.7 mol/kg, from Na 2 CO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 and neutral pre-processing routes, respectively. The combined yield of the two gases from direct SCWG of the original sawdust was 24.6 mol/kg. The entire process may re-present a stepchange in future energy production from biomass as the products from the first stage can be used as feedstocks for various other biomass conversion technologies.

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Torrefaction of wood

Cited by 487 publications

References 3 publications

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Future Perspectives of Biomass Torrefaction: Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art and Research Development

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Woods with an Emphasis on Torrefaction

Enhanced methane and hydrogen yields from catalytic supercritical water gasification of pine wood sawdust via pre-processing in subcritical water

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