Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell

Faizal, Hasan Mohd; Shamsuddin, Hielfarith Suffri; Heiree, M. Harif M.; Hanaffi, Mohd Fuad Muhammad Ariff; Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul; Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Latiff, Zulkarnain Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.118

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Torrefaction process is highly affected by the temperature in which the biomass is subjected to. This is true for various types of biomass such as mesocarp fiber and palm kernel in densified form (Mohd Faizal et al, 2018) and original form (Sabil et al, 2013), EFB (Abdul Rasid & Yusoff, 2017), and bamboo (M. F. Li, X. Li, Bian, & Chen, 2015). These studies mainly found that the increase of temperature decreased the percentage of mass and energy yields (Li et al, 2015;Abdul Rasid & Yusoff, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Mass and energy yield are the significant indicators to determine the optimum parameter while considering also the higher heating value (HHV). Besides, when the calorific value increases, the moisture content and volatile matter decrease, with increased temperature and residence time (Sabil et al, 2013;Mohd Faizal et al, 2018). This is mainly due to the increase in devolatization rate and decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose when temperature increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Oil Palm Fronds (Opf) as a Potential Feedstock for Energy Production Processes

Thaim

Rasid

Ismail

2019

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Oil palm fronds (OPF) and trunks contribute the highest biomass availability compared with other oil palm wastes. At the moment, they are usually left on the ground around the plantation area to decompose naturally and fertilize the soil. Previous researchers have focused on torrefaction of wood residues and other agricultural biomass with less attention has been paid to the utilization of Malaysia’s biomass such as OPF. Therefore, in this study, torrefaction of OPF was conducted in a tubular reactor at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C and residence time of 30 min. The results reveal an improved heating value as the temperature was increased, from 16.81 to 20.32 MJ/kg after the torrefaction process. The van Krevelen diagram also proved that torrefaction OPF could be classified as an intermediate, between raw OPF and coal. This proves the potential of OPF as one of the alternative feedstocks for energy production process through torrefaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Oil Palm Fronds (Opf) as a Potential Feedstock for Energy Production Processes

Thaim

Rasid

Ismail

2019

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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“…This is a waste product of the palm oil production process, wherein typically every ton of fresh palm oil fruit bunches generates 6.73% PKS waste, 23.83% empty fruit bunches (EFBs), 13.47% palm mesocarp fibre (PMF), 4.14% wet decanter solid, and 51.81% liquid waste [13,14]. According to previous research, the calorific values of PKS, EFB and PMF are 16.14-19.45 MJ/kg [15][16][17], 16.46-18.31 MJ/kg and 17.1-18.09 MJ/kg, respectively [18,19]. PMF, together with some PKS, is already utilised by palm oil producers to generate steam and electricity, while the EFBs are generally converted to a potassium source for fertiliser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle analysis of palm kernel shell gasification for supplying heat to an asphalt mixing plant

Pranolo

Setyono

Fauzi

2020

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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The Government of the Republic of Indonesia states that the thermal energy for hot-mixed asphalt production shall be supplied by the direct combustion of fossil fuels in the form of diesel oil, natural gas, or fuel gas from coal gasification which may generate GHG emission. Biomasses are able to substitute the fossil fuels through gasification technology. Gasification converts the biomass using limited air into gaseous fuel containing mainly CO and H 2 that are subsequently combusted to produce heat, carbon dioxide, and water. It is obvious that the CO 2 is then absorbed by the plants for photosynthesis, maintaining a balanced closed cycle. This study examines the level of global warming potential of this system for supplying heat based on the openLCA v1.9 software. The analysis used a gate-to-gate approach to evaluate scenarios of shell gasification to produce 1 metric tonne of hot-mixed asphalt. The scope covers raw material supply and transportation, palm kernel shell gasification, and products. The evaluation concludes that gasification could potentially reduce CO 2 emissions. Environmental impact analysis and interpretation of the results using the openLCA database of Traci 2.1 recommend that greater CO 2 emission reduction is possible using palm kernel shell gasification, not only for supplying heat but also for electricity generation to operate all electrical equipments.

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“…Torrefaction has been conducted on different agricultural byproduct that being left as waste such as oil palm waste [11] including palm kernel shell (PKS), empty fruit bunch (EFB) mesocarp fiber and oil palm frond [12][13][14][15], bamboo [16] and pine sawdust [17]. There are also some studies on torrefaction of microorganism such as Auricularia auricula-judae, which is an edible fungi species [18].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

et al. 2019

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Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

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Torrefaction of densified mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Torrefaction of Oil Palm Fronds (Opf) as a Potential Feedstock for Energy Production Processes

Torrefaction of Oil Palm Fronds (Opf) as a Potential Feedstock for Energy Production Processes

Life cycle analysis of palm kernel shell gasification for supplying heat to an asphalt mixing plant

Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

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