Torrefaction of cedarwood in a pilot scale rotary kiln and the influence of industrial flue gas

Comparison of solid biofuels produced from olive pomace with two different conversion methods: torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization

“…A linear correlation can be observed between the hydrogen/carbon and oxygen/carbon ratios as in other studies [24,25]. Torrefaction processes which occured at lower temperatures (250 and 275 °C) had higher H/C and O/C ratios than hydrochar and the results were approximate to raw biomass's ratios.…”

Wood chips flow in a rotary kiln: Experiments and modeling

“…For instance, they are more hydrophobic (Acharjee et al 2011), more brittle (Bergman et al 2004) and have a larger energy density than the raw biomass (Phanphanich & Mani 2011). Several technologies have been identified to perform torrefaction (Sun et al 2011), the most common being the fluidized beds (AtienzaMartínez et al 2013), the fixed beds (Ratte et al 2011), the multiple hearth furnaces (Batidzirai et al 2013) and the rotary kilns (Mei et al 2015). Among these reactors, the rotary kiln presents the advantage of being widespread in the industry for processing various materials, like minerals, coke, cement and various wastes (Li et al 2002), in a wide range of temperatures.…”

Effects of water washing and torrefaction pretreatments on rice husk pyrolysis by microwave heating

“…The selectivity and yield of the solid, liquid and gas products from pyrolysis of biomass and their properties are also significantly dependent on the amounts of its primary components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and inorganic matter (Reckamp et al, 2014). Therefore, to improve the qualities of solid, liquid and gas products from pyrolysis, the pretreatment of biomass prior to pyrolysis is an alternative and efficient approach (Chen et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2013 Torrefaction, also referred as a mild pyrolysis, is a thermochemical process for pretreatment of biomass at the temperature range between 200 and 300°C under an inner atmosphere and low heating rate (Mei et al, 2015;Ren et al, 2012). It can be seen that most studies mainly focus on the effect of torrefaction on the pyrolysis characteristics of woody biomass (Branca et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2013).…”