Torrefaction of Briquettes Made of Palm Kernel Shell with Mixture of Starch and Water as Binder

Fuad, Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi Mohd; Razali, Mohamad Muslihuddin; Izal, Zaitul Nadiah Mohamad; Faizal, Hasan Mohd; Ahmad, Norhayati; Rahman, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul; Rahman, Md. Mizanur

doi:10.37934/arfmts.70.2.2136

Cited by 9 publications

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“…In addition, sufficiently high amount of energy obtained from severe reaction has been reported to be suitable for energy production sector. Based on the advantages as mentioned above, solid products obtained from torrefaction have potential to be used as coal replacement [12]. Torrefaction treatment on many species showed significant improvement of the biomass quality such as low volatile matters, high carbon content and importantly high calorific value and emit less carbon monoxide gas which is very good for thermal energy conversion process.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Biocoal Quality from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches by Using Peat Water to Reducing Potassium Content and Torrefaction at 300°C to Increasing Heating Value

Martin

Utama

Ginting

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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Consumption of fossil energy continues to increase and therefore fossil energy reserves are decreasing, thus the switchover of using fossil energy into new and renewable energy is necessary. Biomass especially from oil palm empty fruit bunches is one of potential resource as new and renewable energy that can mixture with coal as fuel for power plant. However, biomass from oil palm empty fruit bunches has several weaknesses as fuel; it is containing of high potassium content and low heating value. Potassium content will react with oxygen and resulting potassium oxide (K2O) in the furnace of boiler and it can cause the fouling and slagging at the tubes and walls of boiler. Washing with flowing peat water is one of method that used to reduce potassium content in empty oil palm fruit bunches and torrefaction at 300C is a method is use to increase the heating value of biomass from empty oil palm fruit bunches. This research resulted the potassium, potassium oxide content is 5% and 3.7% respectively by flowing peat water at 5 lpm for 60 minutes, and the heating value of biomass by torrefaction process at 300C for 30 minute was obtain at 28742.17 kJ/kg.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Biocoal Quality from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches by Using Peat Water to Reducing Potassium Content and Torrefaction at 300°C to Increasing Heating Value

Martin

Utama

Ginting

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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“…Briquetting is an efficient alternative of biomass conversion process through which agricultural wastes are compacted into highly dense and durable fuel. Briquettes may be produced with or without binders into different shapes or forms such as square and cylindrical by compression into usable feedstock for many applications (Fuad et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Briquetting Of Torrefied Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, some researchers have studied the influence of various carrier gases, such as nitrogen gas, flue gas, CO 2 , and air, on the torrefied products (Mei et al 2015 ). In the study of the effect of torrefaction on palm kernel shell (PKS) briquettes by Fuad et al ( 2020 ), it was established that the increase in the flow rate of nitrogen gas from 1000 to 2000 mL/min led to the increase in density yield from 73 to 79%, and a slight decrease to 75% at the flow rate of 3000 mL/min. In the same vein, the increase in nitrogen flow rate produced an increase in the mass yield from 60 to 64% while the energy yield was found to be within the range of 73 to 75%.…”

Section: Physico-mechanical and Torrefaction Parameters Influencing T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dimension of briquette influences the type and size of stove that can be used for the briquettes to fit in well inside the combustion chamber of the stove. However, the strength, durability and water absorption capacity of densified biomass are very important indices for handling, and they can be improved through the addition of binding materials (Fuad et al 2020 ). Binders are classified into three; organic, inorganic, and compound, based on their composition (Kivumbi et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Physico-mechanical and Torrefaction Parameters Influencing T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the torrefaction temperature leads to the enhanced heating value of torrefied fuel due to the increase in carbon and fixed carbon (Lateef and Ogunsuyi, 2021 ). For instance, the heating value of palm kernel shell briquettes increased from 17.88 to 22.16 MJ/kg due to torrefaction (Fuad et al 2020 ). Garba et al ( 2017 ) reported that the heating values of corn cob, rice husk and groundnut fuel were enhanced by factors of 1.26, 1.32, and 1.18, respectively, at the temperature of 300 °C.…”

Section: Behaviour Of Torrefied Briquette In Relation To Raw Onesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An overview of torrefied bioresource briquettes: quality-influencing parameters, enhancement through torrefaction and applications

Waheed

Akogun

Enweremadu

2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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In recent years, the need for clean, viable and sustainable source of alternative fuel is on the rampage in the global space due to the challenges posed by human factors including fossil induced emissions, fuel shortage and its ever-rising prices. These challenges are the major reason to utilize alternative source of energy such as lignocellulosic biomass as domestic and industrial feedstock. However, biomass in their raw form is problematic for application, hence, a dire need for torrefaction pre-treatment is required. The torrefaction option could ameliorate biomass limitations such as low heating value, high volatile matter, low bulk density, hygroscopic and combustion behaviour, low energy density and its fibrous nature. The torrefied product in powder form could cause air pollution and make utilization, handling, transportation, and storage challenging, hence, densification into product of higher density briquettes. This paper therefore provides an overview on the performance of torrefied briquettes from agricultural wastes. The review discusses biomass and their constituents, torrefaction pre-treatment, briquetting of torrefied biomass, the parameters influencing the quality, behaviour and applications of torrefied briquettes, and way forward in the briquetting sector in the developing world.

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Potentials and prospects of solid biowaste resources for biofuel production in Ethiopia: a systematic review of the evidence

Seboka,

Ewunie,

Morken

et al. 2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Biowaste is becoming a significant category in the global energy mix to mitigate the negative impacts of burning fossil fuels. The aim of this review paper was to investigate the potential, conversion mechanisms, benefits, and policy gaps related to the utilization of solid biowaste resources as renewable, clean, and affordable energy sources. Thus, a systematic review approach was employed to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the studies that dealt with solid biowaste resources for energy recovery. This review paper was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023. The relevant literature was searched using databases from scholarly journal publishers, online search engines, and websites. A total of 82 studies were determined to be eligible from 659 records. Ethiopia has a huge potential for biowaste resources, with an annual generation potential of 18,446.4 MJ per year. The multifaceted advantages associated with biowaste-to-energy conversion such as clean energy production, waste management, forest conservation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and maintaining soil fertility using the digestate left after anaerobic digestion were mentioned. This review highlights various conversion technologies for converting solid biowastes into valuable forms of energy, such as thermochemical, biochemical, and physico-mechanical techniques. It also investigated the value-added products of the Solid Biowastes-to-Energy (SBWtoE) process, including bio-oil, syngas, bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, bio-briquettes, and pellets, with applications ranging from transportation to power generation. Furthermore, this review addresses the multifaceted challenges associated with implementing a circular economy, emphasizing the need to overcome policy, technological, financial, and institutional barriers. These efforts are crucial for harnessing the growing biowaste resources in Ethiopia, ultimately promoting sustainable and cost-effective energy production while advancing the nation's environmental objectives.

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Torrefaction of Briquettes Made of Palm Kernel Shell with Mixture of Starch and Water as Binder

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Improvement of Biocoal Quality from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches by Using Peat Water to Reducing Potassium Content and Torrefaction at 300°C to Increasing Heating Value

Improvement of Biocoal Quality from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches by Using Peat Water to Reducing Potassium Content and Torrefaction at 300°C to Increasing Heating Value

An overview of torrefied bioresource briquettes: quality-influencing parameters, enhancement through torrefaction and applications

Potentials and prospects of solid biowaste resources for biofuel production in Ethiopia: a systematic review of the evidence

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