Torrefaction and low-temperature carbonization of woody biomass: Evaluation of fuel characteristics of the products

Is the biochar produced from sewage sludge a good quality solid fuel?

“…al. 2012) ranging from 1.6 to 1.25 (Wannapeera and Worasuwannarak 2011), ranging from 1.77 to 1.08, and (Rousset et al 2012) ranging from 1.22 to 1.04 or (Park et al 2012), where the lowest H/C ratio was 0.9. This difference is caused by higher mass and volatile compounds loss in the present study.…”

“…The range of analyzed parameters of the SS, sawdust and biochars was chosen according to the literature and they were as follows: moisture (Fisher et al 2012), lower heating value -LHV (Ratte et al 2011), higher heating value -HHV (Prins 2005), ash and volatile compounds content (Wannapeera and Worasuwannarak 2012), C, H, S content (Park et al 2012).…”

Production of solid fuel biochar from waste biomass by low temperature pyrolysis

“…Compared to liquid and gaseous products, only a few studies have been carried out with the aim of producing solid fuel biochars from waste biomass, and most of these studies focused on the improved physicochemical properties of woody biomass [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In contrast, limited studies are available for the biochars derived from most abundant agricultural wastes and there is a lack of information about the comparison of fuel qualities of the biochars from woody biomass and agricultural residue [10,[13][14][15][16].…”

“…In contrast, limited studies are available for the biochars derived from most abundant agricultural wastes and there is a lack of information about the comparison of fuel qualities of the biochars from woody biomass and agricultural residue [10,[13][14][15][16]. In addition, as we know, raw biomass combustion has low thermal efficiency and high pollutant emissions, and suffers from serious ash-related problems such as fouling and slagging problems [3].…”

A Review on Pilot-Scale Applications of Hydrothermal Treatment for Upgrading Waste Materials

“…A chain hydrolysis of cellulose during HTT could yield oligomers and glucose which were further decomposed to furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, other organic acids, aldehydes, etc. and this reaction was being occur at the temperature above approximately 220 °C [14] while hemicellulose that has a relatively weaker structure was being decomposed around 160-200 °C [15]. Toor et al summarized a conversion of carbohydrates, lignin, lipids, and protein during HTL, using SW condition that has higher temperature and pressure than the HTT [7].…”