Torque teno viruses in health and disease

Webb, Brett T.; Rakibuzzaman, Agm; Ramamoorthy, Sheela

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198013

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, increased TTV load is common in AIDS patients and immunosuppressed solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and this virus is also probably involved in SLE pathogenesis, even though Anelloviruses may represent a generic marker of immune dysfunction and immunodeficiency [44,169,170].…”

Section: Torque Teno Virus (Ttv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story

Quaglia

Merlotti

Andrea

et al. 2021

Viruses

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A causal link between viral infections and autoimmunity has been studied for a long time and the role of some viruses in the induction or exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in genetically predisposed patients has been proved. The strength of the association between different viral agents and SLE is variable. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are involved in SLE pathogenesis, whereas other viruses such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) probably play a less prominent role. However, the mechanisms of viral–host interactions and the impact of viruses on disease course have yet to be elucidated. In addition to classical mechanisms of viral-triggered autoimmunity, such as molecular mimicry and epitope spreading, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of direct activation of innate response by viral nucleic acids and epigenetic modulation of interferon-related immune response. The latter is especially important for HERVs, which may represent the molecular link between environmental triggers and critical immune genes. Virus-specific proteins modulating interaction with the host immune system have been characterized especially for Epstein–Barr virus and explain immune evasion, persistent infection and self-reactive B-cell “immortalization”. Knowledge has also been expanding on key viral proteins of B19-V and CMV and their possible association with specific phenotypes such as antiphospholipid syndrome. This progress may pave the way to new therapeutic perspectives, including the use of known or new antiviral drugs, postviral immune response modulation and innate immunity inhibition. We herein describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of viral infections in SLE, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic targets.

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Section: Torque Teno Virus (Ttv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story

Quaglia

Merlotti

Andrea

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Of the 15 virus species detected in the samples, at least 4 are widely known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, and parechovirus). Additionally, gokushovirus can be found in the human intestinal microbiome [ 32 ], and the teno torque virus is commonly present in mixed viral infections [ 33 ] This wide variety of gastroenteric viruses found in the analyzed samples waned the possibility of SqMV association with gastroenteritis. The high prevalence of enteric viruses in the state of Tocantins can be related to the low rate of basic sanitation in the area, which contributes not only to the existence of a wide-range occurrence of viruses, but also to increasing the number of human infections [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples

et al. 2021

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Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) is a phytovirus that infects great diversity of plants worldwide. In Brazil, the SqMV has been identified in the states of Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Tocantins. The presence of non-pathogenic viruses in animals, such as phytoviruses, may not be completely risk-free. Similarities in gene repertories between these viruses and viruses that affect animal species have been reported. The present study describes the fully sequenced genomes of SqMV found in human feces, collected in Tocantins, and analyzes the viral profile by metagenomics in the context of diarrhea symptomatology. The complete SqMV genome was obtained in 39 of 253 analyzed samples (15.5%); 97.4% of them belonged to children under 5 years old. There was no evidence that the observed symptoms were related to the presence of SqMV. Of the different virus species detected in these fecal samples, at least 4 (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, parechovirus) are widely known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of SqMV nucleic acid in fecal samples is likely due to recent dietary consumption and it is not evidence of viral replication in the human intestinal cells. Identifying the presence of SqMV in human feces and characterization of its genome is a relevant precursor to determining whether and how plant viruses interact with host cells or microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract.

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“…Deeper insight into the virome of healthy humans reveals a continuum of outcomes of virus presence in the human body (20). Many human viruses, such as the ubiquitous anneloviruses, seem to be commensals causing no apparent disease (21). Other viruses (e.g., herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2) alternate between latency and disease, in response to conditions that vary from cold or heat to UV exposure to emotional stress.…”

Section: Some Virus-plant Combinations Like It Dry Better Than Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid emergence of virus–host mutualism under stress

Dolja

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Torque teno viruses in health and disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 92 publications

Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story

Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story

New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples

Rapid emergence of virus–host mutualism under stress

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