Torque Capacity of Metal and Plastic Brackets with Reference to Materials, Application, Technology and Biomechanics

Gmyrek, Henner; Bourauel, Christoph; Richter, Gert; Harzer, Winfried

doi:10.1007/s00056-002-0065-x

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our having observed significantly higher torque values associated with plastic brackets with a metal slot, as well as significantly lower torque values of all plastic brackets compared to metal brackets, concurs with the results of earlier studies [4,13,15,16,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Torque Stability of Plastic Brackets Following Multiple Loading and Artificial Material Aging – an In-Vitro Comparison

et al. 2009

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Each bracket material requires its own torque value to transfer identical torque values onto the tooth in clinical practice. Comparison with steel brackets revealed that only plastic brackets with a metal slot are suitable for clinical use. Adding ceramic and glass fibers to polycarbonate, or using polyurethane has no benefit in terms of torque stability. In addition, after a single application of torque, all brackets lose torque stability in response to a renewed load.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Die Anwendung dieser neuen Produkte setzt die genaue Kenntnis der Materialeigenschaften voraus. Untersuchungen hier über liegen bis heute nur in geringer Zahl vor [1,4,8,13,15,16,26]. Reine Polycarbonatbrackets wiesen in früheren Untersuchungen eine mangelhafte Torquebelastbarkeit und Bruchfestigkeit auf [1,4,13,26].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Torque Stability of Plastic Brackets Following Multiple Loading and Artificial Material Aging – an In-Vitro Comparison

et al. 2009

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“…Theoretically, the torque play could be estimated, using appropriate tables or formulas, at about 7-8u in the 0.022-inch slot and half that amount for a 0.017 3 0.025-inch in the 0.018-inch slot. 1,29,30 However, various experimental configurations revealed that torque play is actually higher in conventional 5,6,31 and self-ligating bracket systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Thereafter, considerable research has been conducted evaluating the torquing efficiency of various archwires into conventional and self-ligating brackets. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Direct comparison of these results is difficult because of differences in configurations and testing devices. Moreover, bracket positioning and small variations in curvature of the crowns or thickness of the adhesive could affect the generated moments and thus the final buccolingual tooth inclination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque efficiency of different archwires in 0.018- and 0.022-inch conventional brackets

Sifakakis

Pandis

Makou

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To compare the archwires inserted during the final stages of the orthodontic treatment with the generated moments at 0.018-and 0.022-inch brackets. Materials and Methods: The same bracket type, in terms of prescription, was evaluated in both slot dimensions. The brackets were bonded on two identical maxillary acrylic resin models, and each model was mounted on the orthodontic measurement and simulation system. Ten 0.017 × 0.025-inch TMA and ten 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires were evaluated in the 0.018-inch brackets. In the 0.022-inch brackets, ten 0.019 × 0.025-inch TMA and ten 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires were measured. A 15°buccal root torque (+15°) and then a 15°palatal root torque (-15°) were gradually applied to the right central incisor bracket, and the moments were recorded at these positions. A t-test was conducted to compare the generated moments between wires within the 0.018-and 0.022-inch bracket groups separately. Results: The 0.017 × 0.025-inch archwire in the 0.018-inch brackets generated mean moments of 9.25 Nmm and 14.2 Nmm for the TMA and stainless steel archwires, respectively. The measured moments in the 0.022-inch brackets with the 0.019 × 0.025-inch TMA and stainless steel archwires were 6.6 Nmm and 9.3 Nmm, respectively. Conclusion: The 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless steel and -Ti archwires in the 0.018-inch slot generated higher moments than the 0.019 × 0.025-inch archwires because of lower torque play. This difference is exaggerated in steel archwires, in comparison with the -Ti, because of differences in stiffness. The differences of maximum moments between the archwires of the same cross-section but different alloys were statistically significant at both slot dimensions. To compare the archwires inserted during the final stages of the orthodontic treatment with the generated moments at 0.018-and 0.022-inch brackets. Materials and Methods: The same bracket type, in terms of prescription, was evaluated in both slot dimensions. The brackets were bonded on two identical maxillary acrylic resin models, and each model was mounted on the orthodontic measurement and simulation system. Ten 0.017 3 0.025-inch TMA and ten 0.017 3 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires were evaluated in the 0.018-inch brackets. In the 0.022-inch brackets, ten 0.019 3 0.025-inch TMA and ten 0.019 3 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires were measured. A 15u buccal root torque (+15u) and then a 15u palatal root torque (215u) were gradually applied to the right central incisor bracket, and the moments were recorded at these positions. A t-test was conducted to compare the generated moments between wires within the 0.018-and 0.022-inch bracket groups separately. Results: The 0.017 3 0.025-inch archwire in the 0.018-inch brackets generated mean moments of 9.25 Nmm and 14.2 Nmm for the TMA and stainless steel archwires, respectively. The measured moments in the 0.022-inch brackets with the 0.019 3 0.025-inch TMA and stainless steel archwires were 6.6 Nmm and 9.3 Nmm, respect...

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“…It has been found that forces as low as 0.2 N have generated tooth movement [12], and moments in the range of 5-20 Nmm cause tooth rotation [13]. Although it is Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ligation Method on Maxillary Arch Force/Moment Systems for a Simulated Lingual Incisor Malalignment

Seru¹,

Romanyk²,

Toogood³

et al. 2014

TOBEJ

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Introduction:The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is a difference in the magnitude of forces and moments produced by elastic ligation when compared to passive ligation, and whether these forces and moments propagate differently along the arch for the two ligation types. A lingual incisor malalignment was used in this study. Methods:The Orthodontic Simulator (OSIM) was used to quantify the three-dimensional forces and moments applied on the teeth given a lingually displaced incisor. A repeated measures MANOVA was performed to statistically analyze the data. Results:The interaction factor illustrated convincing evidence that there is a difference in maximum force and moment values for all outcome variables between ligation types considering all tooth positions along the arch. The mean differences for F X and F Y between ligation types were found to be clinically significant, with values for elastic ligation consistently higher than passive ligation. Conclusion:It was found that the maximum forces and moments produced by elastic ligation are greater than those produced by passive ligation and that the magnitude of this difference for the mesiodistal and buccolingual forces is clinically relevant. Additionally, it was determined that elastic ligation causes forces and moments to propagate further along the arch than passive ligation for all outcome variables.

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Torque Capacity of Metal and Plastic Brackets with Reference to Materials, Application, Technology and Biomechanics

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Torque Stability of Plastic Brackets Following Multiple Loading and Artificial Material Aging – an In-Vitro Comparison

Torque Stability of Plastic Brackets Following Multiple Loading and Artificial Material Aging – an In-Vitro Comparison

Torque efficiency of different archwires in 0.018- and 0.022-inch conventional brackets

Effect of Ligation Method on Maxillary Arch Force/Moment Systems for a Simulated Lingual Incisor Malalignment

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