Torque-Based Control of a Bio-Inspired Modular Climbing Robot

Abstract

This article presents a generalizable, low computational cost, simple, and fast gravity compensation method for legged robots with a variable number of legs. It is based on the static problem, which is a reduction in the dynamic model of the robot that takes advantage of the low velocity of climbing robots. To solve it, we propose a method that computes the torque to be applied by each actuator to compensate for the gravitational forces without using the Jacobian matrix for the forces exerted by the end-effector and without using analytical methods for the gravitational components of the model. We compare our method with the most popular method and conclude that ours is twice as fast. Using the proposed gravity compensator, we present a torque-based PD controller for the position of the leg modules, and a body velocity control without dynamic compensation. In addition, we validate the method with both hardware and a simulated version of the ROMERIN robot, a modular legged and climbing robot. Furthermore, we compare our controller with the usual kinematic inverse controllers, demonstrating that the mean angular and linear error is significantly reduced, as well as the power requirements of the actuators.

A Review and Evaluation of Control Architectures for Modular Legged and Climbing Robots

“…This includes the Module object, which directly manages a module’s components—namely actuators, sensors, and suction devices. It also entails calculating gravity compensation [ 142 ], as well as handling the forward and inverse kinematics and dynamics of a module, referred to as FK, IK, FD, and ID, respectively.…”