Torpor and Hibernation in Mammals: Metabolic, Physiological, and Biochemical Adaptations

Wang, Lawrence C.H.; Lee, T. F.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040122

Cited by 65 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Hibernation is a strategy taken by hibernators to survive the pressures of a harsh environment such as low ambient temperature and/or scarce food availability (Wang et al, 1996). In order to survive, hibernators must suffer potential adverse effects induced by long periods of low body temperature, and repeated ischemia and perfusion, some of which are highly stressful and even lethal for non-hibernators (Carey et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and adaptive evolution of ZBED1 in the hibernating great horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)

Xiao

Sun

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Mammalian hibernators experience physiological extremes, e.g. ischemia, muscle disuse and hypothermia, which are lethal to nonhibernators, implying the existence of underlying mechanisms that allow hibernators to withstand these physiological extremes. Increased cell proliferation is suggested to be such a strategy, but its molecular basis remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of ZBED1 (zinc finger, BED-type containing 1), a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, in five tissues of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) during pre-hibernation, deep hibernation and post-hibernation. Moreover, we investigated the ZBED1 genetic divergence from individuals with variable hibernation phenotypes that cover all three known mtDNA lineages of the species. Expression analyses showed that ZBED1 is overexpressed only in brain and skeletal muscle, not in the other three tissues, suggesting an increased cell proliferation in these two tissues during deep hibernation. Evolutionary analyses showed that ZBED1 sequences were clustered into two well-supported clades with each one dominated by hibernating and non-hibernating individuals, respectively. Positive selection analyses further showed some positively selected sites and a divergent selection pressure among hibernating and non-hibernating groups of R. ferrumequinum. Our results suggest that ZBED1 as a potential candidate gene that regulates cell proliferation for hibernators to face physiological extremes during hibernation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and adaptive evolution of ZBED1 in the hibernating great horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)

Xiao

Sun

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…11,56,66,91). There is also a collection of books containing reports from a series of international meetings on this topic (15,36,42,45,57).…”

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confidence: 99%

Invited Review: Molecular adaptations in mammalian hibernators: unique adaptations or generalized responses?

Breukelen

Martin

2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

115

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are unique among mammals in their ability to attain, withstand, and reverse low body temperatures. Hibernators repeatedly cycle between body temperatures near zero during torpor and 37°C during euthermy. How do these mammals maintain cardiac function, cell integrity, blood fluidity, and energetic balance during their prolonged periods at low body temperature and avoid damage when they rewarm? Hibernation is often considered an example of a unique adaptation for low-temperature function in mammals. Although such adaptation is apparent at the level of whole animal physiology, it is surprisingly difficult to demonstrate clear examples of adaptations at the cellular and biochemical levels that improve function in the cold and are unique to hibernators. Instead of adaptation for improved function in the cold, the key molecular adaptations of hibernation may be to exploit the cold to depress most aspects of biochemical function and then rewarm without damage to restore optimal function of all systems. These capabilities are likely due to novel regulation of biochemical pathways shared by all mammals, including humans. torpor; hypothermia; differential gene expression WHEN A HUMAN IS EXPOSED TO low environmental temperatures and body temperature begins to fall, hypothermia ensues: the shivering response fails at a body temperature of 30-32°C, the heart fibrillates at 27-29°C, and ventilation ceases at 23-27°C, leading to death (reviewed in Refs. 47 and 48). However, a myriad of mammals avoid the damage associated with hypothermia by evoking controlled excursions to reduced body temperatures called torpor. In contrast to hypothermia, the reduction of body temperature in hibernators is not a patholological state (56). Deep hibernators are the masters of this adaptive hypothermia because they can maintain body temperatures below 0°C for up to 3 wk (2, 26, 34). Key characteristics of torpor include a profound reduction of metabolism (up to 1/100th of basal metabolic rate), reduced heart rate, and extremely low body temperature (reviewed in Ref. 90). The physiological consequences associated with hibernation provide a natural model for the study of ischemia, muscle and bone disuse atrophy, hypothermia, ketosis, organ transplant therapy, obesity, kidney failure, and cardiac arrhythmogenesis (e.g., Refs. 18,28,70,93,95).Ground-dwelling sciurid rodents have become the favorite model organisms for recent laboratory studies to explore the molecular bases of mammalian hibernation. In nature, these species exhibit a strict circannual rhythm of reproduction, fattening, and hibernation (for review, see Ref. 49). The cycle begins in the spring with mating, gestation, and birth. The seasons' young are

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“…All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. 1 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of a periodic impulsive switched predator-prey system with hibernation and birth pulse

Jiao¹,

Cai²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Adv Differ Equ

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By hibernating, animals can reduce their energy requirements by at least ninety percent and survive for many months while slowly catabolizing body lipid reserves. Hibernation constitutes an effective strategy of animals in order to survive cold environments and limited availability of food. In this work, we investigate a periodic impulsive switched predator-prey system with hibernation and birth pulse. We firstly obtain the conditions of the globally asymptotically stable prey-extinction boundary periodic solution of the investigated system. Secondly, we obtain the permanent conditions of the investigated system. Finally, numerical analysis is presented to illustrate the results. Our results provide reliable tactic basis for the practical biological economics management.

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Torpor and Hibernation in Mammals: Metabolic, Physiological, and Biochemical Adaptations

Cited by 65 publications

References 94 publications

Gene expression and adaptive evolution of ZBED1 in the hibernating great horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)

Gene expression and adaptive evolution of ZBED1 in the hibernating great horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)

Invited Review: Molecular adaptations in mammalian hibernators: unique adaptations or generalized responses?

Dynamics of a periodic impulsive switched predator-prey system with hibernation and birth pulse

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